1. PowerPoint Slides to Accompany Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers Seventh Edition Paul A. Alberto Anne C. Troutman ISBN:
Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

2. Chapter 6
Developing a Hypothesis for Behavior Change: Functional Assessment and Functional Analysis
Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

3. Antecedents to Inappropriate Behavior
A. Frustration due to:
Response Ignorance
Complex materials, lacking in appropriate adaptations
Lack of functional vocabulary to communicate
Goal of performance interruption
B. Understimulation: Boredom
Being ignored
Meaningless repetition beyond criterion
Nonfunctional activity
Pacing too slow
C. Overstimulation
Environment: For example, number of students, noise
Rate of physical prompting or verbalizations
Pace of activity
D. Environmental expectation or models
Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

4. Functions Served By Behavior
A. Attention Seeking (positive reinforcement)
A communication attempt to indicate needs and wants
Historical/current pattern of positive reinforcement resulting in a means to access people, object, event
Inconsistent pattern of reinforcement or punishment
B. Means of escape/avoidance (negative reinforcement)
External stimuli: touching, difficult task, change in routine, setting, physical discomfort, environmental discomfort, social embarrassment
Internal stimuli: earache, sinus pain, skin irritation, hunger, constipation, fatigue
C. Sensory feedback/stimulation (automatic reinforcement)
To obtain reinforcement from internal stimulation
D. Nature of current reinforcement: desirability, quantity,
intensity, scheduling
Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

5. Behavior Support Plan Procedures
Identify problem behavior
Develop operational definition
Collect initial confirming data
Notify IEP committee members
Conduct screening
Request as needed: health, medications, physical, sensory, learning disability information
Implementation of changes based on screening
Conduct functional assessment
Employ indirect information gathering strategies (informant assessment)
Employ direct information gathering strategies (descriptive assessment)
Formulate hypothesis of function
Conduct functional analysis
Systematic manipulation of antecedents and consequences to determine their effect on occasioning and maintaining the target behavior
Formulate hypothesis of function
Develop behavior support plan
Review hypothesis and select components of a behavior support plan
Collect and evaluate data
Maintain and generalize successful results and fade intervention as appropriate
Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

6. Terminology Functional Assessment: Functional Analysis Setting events
Gathering information in order to form a hypothesis as to variables occasioning or maintaining a behavior. May be done by interview, checklist, or direct observation
Functional Analysis
Procedures (usually reversal design or multielement design) that test a hypothesized relationship by manipulating the variables thought to occasion or maintain a behavior in order to verify a functional relationship.
Setting events
Circumstances in an individuals life, ranging from cultural influences to an uncomfortable environment, that temporarily alter the power of reinforcers
Analog
A setting sufficiently similar to a natural setting, such as a classroom or work site to allow inferences that what occurs in the analog setting may occur in the natural setting. Analog settings are often used for functional analysis.
Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.