1. Limitation of Language in Samuel Beckett's Happy Days 9843009 Naphia

2. Happy Days (1961) Absurd: "out of harmony with reason or propriety, incongruous, unreasonable, illogical" (Martin Esslin,2001) => rejects language as an instrument for expressing meanings in its deepest levels Samuel Beckett (1906~1989)

3. Critique of Language one of the first works: "fallibility of language as a medium for the discovery and communication of metaphysical truths" Fritz Mauthner

4. poverty of language 'reducing knowledge to speaking' 'that the writer could merely allow characters to speak and their words would become signs, not of knowledge, but rather of the failure of knowledge' Beckett...

5. Winnie - immobile, stuck in the mound - non-stop talking - optimistic Willy- most of the time invisible - Winnie's attempted interlocutor Happy Days

6. immobility reliance on speech Winnie

7. Winnie:...What is that unforgettable line? [Pause. Eyes right.] Willie. [Pause. Louder.] Willie. [Pause. Eye front.] May one still speak of time? [Pause.].. (Beckett, 1986:160)

8. no certainty failure in recalling and accessing to a time or space confusion of time 'the old style'

9. Winnie: 'I say I used to think that I would learn to talk alone. [Pause.] By that I mean to myself, the wilderness. [Smile.] But no. [Smile broader.] No no. [Smile off.] Ergo you are there. [Pause.]'(Beckett, 1986:160) I Speak, therefore You Are

10. vulnerability of man of reliance on language language fails Irony

11. Winnie: 'Something says, Stop talking now, Winnie, for a minute, don't squander all your words for the day...' (Beckett, 1986:155) 1.Talking 2.Trivial actions with limited objects from her bag Language as a capital or object

12. Instrument of communication? language is 'all one can do' (Beckett, 1986:145) Treated as a Tool for survival to pass her days Language

13. [Pause.] fragments of uncertain source short memories disintegration Language

14. essential to the existence nature of language: complementary "ego" and "you" (interlocutor) Subjectivity

15. must be ensured by the accessibility of the others individual v.s society Subjectivity

16. Winnie's one-sidedness: o she 'can well imagine what is passing through your [his] mind...Well it is very understandable.' avoidance of failure 'fictional interlocutor' no relevance to reality Subjectivity

17. Belief? World View? lack of relevance to reality no productivity empty refrains Optimism

18. senseless, meaningless, absurd world unlived life with no actual transmission and reception of inner message Limitation of Language

19. 1.Ben-Zvi, "Samuel Beckett, Fritz Mauthner and the Limits of Language" 2.Johnson, Julian. "The Breaking of the Voice" Nineteeth-Century Music Review. Cambridge University Press, 2011. 3.Esslin, Martin. The Theatre of the Absurd. 3rd ed. London: Pelican, 2001. Print. 86. 4.Beckett, Samuel. "The Complete Dramatic Works" (1986) England: Clays, 1990. Print. 5.Carrière, Julien F. "Samuel Beckett and Bilingualism: How the Return to English Influences the Later Writing Style and Gender Role of All That Fall and Happy 6. Days" (2005), 154 7.Pavel, Thomas G. "Understanding Narrative". 7. Naturallizing Molloy The Ohio State University Press. Web. 1994. 8.Brown, Llewellyn. "Cliche and Voice in Samuel Beckett's Happy Days" References

20. The End