1. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 1 CLOUD SURNAME DNA PROJECT Autosomal DNA 2014 Cloud Family Gathering Natchitoches, LA July 19

2. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 2 Take a DNA test Review matches Contact matches Examine information received Do traditional research Be patient (new people testing every day) Remember this when you get confused. The Basics

3. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 3 Autosomal DNA Reflects contribution from all ancestors Provides matches to any cousin who has also tested Accurate to 2 nd or 3 rd cousin matches Accuracy diminishes rapidly to 4 th – 5 th cousin DNA of all people 99% alike We use the differences – difference implies relationship Sometimes the differences are coincidences – meaningless For these reasons, atDNA can be more complicated than Y-DNA Why use atDNA? Less expensive Provides (limited) information on combined ancestral origins (ethnicities) Learn more about our family from cousins – get clues Adoptee looking for family Helps genealogical research

4. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 4 Autosomal DNA comes from all your ancestors

5. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 5 What can you learn from atDNA? Matches with potential cousins Ancestral origins (see below) Be careful Origins estimates can not reflect all ancestors Predictions based on your DNA and the DNA of (tested) people groups You lose contributions from ancestors about 7 - 8 generations ago Not all people groups have been tested – they are missing Using atDNA

6. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 6 LOG IN to FTDNA Family Finder

7. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 7 Family Finder

8. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 8 Matches

9. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 9 Matches downloaded to spreadsheet email address Participant’s name Predicted relationship Shared cM – a centimorgan is a unit of measure for genetic linkage & equals a 1% chance that a marker will become separated from a second marker on the same chromosome due to crossing over in a single generation. On average, one million base pairs in a cM.

10. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 10 myOrigins Origins (geographical regions) represent all your ancestral lines. Not all ancestors are represented as their contribution is lost over time. Not all groups have been tested.

11. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 11 Chromosome Browser Choose one to five matches for comparison

12. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 12 Chromosome Browser Tutorial

13. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 13 RelationshipPercentagecentiMorgans Identical twins100%6766 Parents, siblings50%3400 Grandparents, aunts, uncles, half siblings, double first cousins 25%1700 Great-grandparents, 1 st cousins, grand-aunts & grand-uncles 12.5%850 1 st cousins 1x removed, half 1 st cousins6.25%425 2 nd cousins, 1 st cousins 2x removed3.125%213 2 nd cousins 1x removed, half second cousins1.563%106 3 rd cousins, 2 nd cousins 2x removed0.78%53 3 rd cousins 1x removed0.39%27 4 th cousins0.195%13 4 th cousins 1x removed0.098%7 5 th cousins0.049%3 Relationship vs. shared DNA segments

14. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 14 Grandfather – granddaughter should share about 25%

15. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 15 T.M. CloudC. StokesGary T. CloudB. CloudJanet DixonJ. CloudR. H. CloudT.J. Cloud T.M. Cloud 38 4 th cousin 1x 3 rd cousin 2x C. Stokes 38 4 th cousin 1x 93 3 rd cousin 1x Gary T. Cloud 3 rd cousin 2x 93 3 rd cousin 1x 37 B. Cloud 3734 Janet Dixon 3426 J. Cloud 261751 uncle-niece 1803 uncle-niece R. H. Cloud 1751 uncle-niece 2704 brother T.J. Cloud 1803 uncle-niece 2704 brother 15 autosomal tests in our Project 8 of them have matches within the Project Autosomal Matches – shared segments

16. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 16 Jeremiah CLOUD (1784 GA-1861 TX) William CLOUD (1801 GA-1850 AL) William Jasper CLOUD CSA (1824 AL-1871 TX) William Lafayette CLOUD (1851 AL-1917 OK) Jake Washington CLOUD (1880 TX-1968 CA) Thomas CLOUD (1916 OK-1988 TX) T.M. CLOUD Henry Geo. Wash. "H.G.W." CLOUD (1810-1897) James W.J CLOUD (1845 AL-1886 TX) James Ross CLOUD (1883 TX-1935 AL) Merle CLOUD (1911 AL-1985 AL) C. Stokes Francis Marion "F.M." CLOUD (1829 AL-1887 TX) James Jackson CLOUD (1868 TX-1898 TX) Earl James CLOUD (1898 TX-1986 TX) Gary T. CLOUD (1937 TX-2010 TX) Jeremiah CLOUD R.S. (1722 VA-1783 GA) Noah CLOUD R.S. (1752 VA-1838 SC) Jeremiah CLOUD (1790 VA-1818 SC) William CLOUD (1815 SC-1851 SC) Robert T.M. CLOUD (1850 SC-1917 ) John Foster CLOUD (1885 SC-) Carl Edwin CLOUD (1915 NC-1989 GA) Carl CLOUD B. CLOUD Laura CLOUD (1828 MO-1860 MO) Sarah Jane GRIFFIN (1855 MO-1897 MO) Bessie Lea WOLFENBARGER (1893 MO-1974 OK) Jessie Sylvia Lea LINKER (1916 OK-2004 CA) Janet DIXON (1946 CA-2009 CA) Isaac Cloud James Monroe Cloud (1837 GA-1910 OK) Charles Clifton Cloud (1860 MO-) Joel Bryant Cloud (1888 O T -TX) J.G. Cloud J. Cloud T.J. CloudR.H. Cloud Pedigrees of matches: 8 people 4 families

17. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 17 T.M. CloudC. StokesGary T. CloudB. CloudJanet DixonJ. CloudR.H. CloudT.J. Cloud Blevins Cloud Dalton Dyer Griffin Hensley Hicks Hopper Horn July McDaniel Perry Stidham Ward Wilkes (?) Surnames in Common Shared segments can come from any family line. Shared surnames is the first clue Research each of the lines looking for the common ancestor common places and dates common relatives and friends

18. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 18 23andme mother - son 23andme Predicted 2 nd cousin

19. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 19 Take a DNA test Review matches Contact matches Examine information received Do traditional research Be patient (new people testing every day) Remember this when you get confused. The Basics