1. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The melanoma epidemic Örjan Hallberg Hallberg Independent Research Polkavägen 14B 142 65 Trångsund Sweden http://hir.nu

2. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The purpose zTo present facts and models that may shed light on the etiology of melanoma.

3. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Problem solving zWhat is the problem? zWhen did it start? zWhere? (world, country, body) zHow large is the problem? zCan it be modeled? zCan we do something about it?

4. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The number of deaths due to melanoma and lung cancer started to increase 1955

5. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The accumulated melanoma risk over time is the same in the four countries analysed.

6. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Deaths, new cases, FM roll-out and Charter travels over time in Sweden

7. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Counties with yet no FM radio continued with a stable and low melanoma mortality

8. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Location of nevi and melanoma on the body

9. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Melanoma incidence for women in Norway. Head and rest of body.

10. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Some cancers correlate with melanoma in Swedish counties while leukemia does not

11. Melanoma, diabetes and FM 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research

12. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Melanoma incidence appears to follow the FM-transmitter densities in the country

13. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Reported melanoma rates and FM transmitter power density in Norway

14. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Areas covered by 3 or more main FM transmitters are colored read to compare with the melanoma map

15. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The melanoma incidence in the 289 communes in Sweden relates to the number of covering main FM-transmitters

16. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Melanoma during the first and the second half of the 20 th century

17. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Model 1 - repair of annual damages zThe natural repair rate is fast enough to guarantee a low melanoma rate and the survival of the population zBut a reduced repair rate will allow damages to get old enough to cause an increasing melanoma risk.

18. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The reduced repair rate (R 3 ) model was tested for 3 countries zNatural repair rate up to 1960, reduced rate thereafter zData from Sweden, Norway and the USA were analyzed

19. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Best fit to reported age-standardized rates using the R 3 model for Sweden

20. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Reported and calculated age-specific melanoma incidence in Sweden

21. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The incidence for those born 1900- 1920 in Sweden. Reported and calculated data

22. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Old people show increasing incidence, young people don’t!

23. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research This means... zYoung age groups have stabilized since long time back zOlder age groups still have about 10-20 years to go before they stabilize zThe reduced repair rate model fits reported data very well

24. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Can increased sun-tanning habits explain the data?

25. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The model is used again: zNatural repair rate (as reported before 1958) zAssume increasing sun-tanning habits from 1930 to 1980, stable thereafter. zIncrease sun-tanning to best fit age- standardized rates.

26. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Age-standardized rates using the sun damage model for Sweden. Best fit at 10 times increase of sun-damages.

27. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Calculated age-specific melanoma incidence does not fit reported data.

28. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Melanoma and breast cancer are more common on the left side of the body - Why?

29. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Resonance effects from FM zThe body is in resonance (half wave resonance) at frequencies around 100 MHz. Half wave resonance gives a current maximum in the middle of the structure. zAn incident wave and the reflected wave will cancel close to the metal springs in the mattress, max field ¼ wavelength above.

30. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research So... zIf you sleep to the right - you may get more cancer to the left… zAnd most people sleep for longer times on the right side to avoid the heart beats

31. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research What about other cancers? zSun-shine hypothesis: ySunshine -> high melanoma, D-vitamins, and thus low rates of other cancers zR 3 hypothesis: yA reduced repair rate -> high melanoma and high rates of other cancers as well zLet’s take a look at breast cancer e.g.

32. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Countries with high melanoma rates also have high breast cancer rates

33. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research And cancer rates in general are related to high melanoma rates

34. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Current explanations on cell level zAn increased production of NO-radicals due to continuous EMF exposure will reduce the efficiency of the immune and cell repair system (U Warnke, 2005) zDepletion of cellular antioxidants is a prominent feature during melanoma pathogenesis (F Meyskens, 2004)

35. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Conclusions zThe etiology of melanoma can better be explained by the reduced repair rate model than by the increased sun-tanning model. zBody-resonant radiation (FM) is associated with melanoma zOther cancers to analyze are breast cancer and lung cancer

36. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Thanks for your attention zhttp://hir.nu

37. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The group mean incidence is strongly related to the transmitter density

38. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research A reduced repair rate that fits data

39. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Only two parameters were adjusted to fit reported data; dispersions of melanoma risk and the repair rate

40. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Reported and calculated age-specific melanoma incidence in Norway

41. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research Reported and modeled age-specific melanoma incidence in the USA

42. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research … and for the USA

43. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research What about those who lived in both halves of the 20th century?

44. 2008-06-14 Copyright Hallberg Independent Research The melanoma incidence in Finland in 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000.