Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byKaliyah Dimsdale Modified over 9 years ago
1
Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)
2
Minerals
3
Earth’s Materials - Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
4
GasLiquidSolid Three States of Matter
5
Solid – substance that keeps its shape Liquid – a substance that flows freely but is not a gas Gas - a substance that flows freely and will distribute itself evenly in a container
6
Three States of Water
7
Triple Point- all three states exist at once Two states exist at once
8
Latent heat - amount of heat released or adsorbed during a change in state.
9
Latent heat redistributes solar energy from near the Equator towards the poles.
10
Review of the Atom P P Helium Protons in nucleus N 3 ( 3 He ) Neutron in nucleus e e Orbiting electrons
11
Atomic Number - # of protons Atomic Weight = # of protons + Neutrons Review of the Atom
12
Isotopes - elements with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. e N P N e Helium 3 ( 3 He) P e e P N P Helium 4 ( 4 He)
13
Ions - atoms with excess positive or negative charge (gain or loss of electrons from the outermost shell). Cations (positive charge, lose electrons) P e Hydrogen atom P e ElectronHydrogen ion ( H + ) + + Anions (negative charge, gain electrons)
14
Compounds - combination of atoms of one or more elements in a specific ratio. Examples: N 2 - nitrogen gas H 2 O - water CaCO 3 – calcite (a mineral) Ions dissolved in water will combine to form compounds
15
Chlorine Gas Sodium Solid Sodium Chloride
16
Sodium Chloride Hydration Of Ions
18
Types of Bonds Ionic - transfer of electrons between cations and anions. Moderate strength, Moderate hardness
19
Covalent - electrons are shared between atoms Types of Bonds Strong bond/ Hard mineral
20
Metallic - electrons are shared but move about freely between ions good conductors of electricity (copper, gold) Types of Bonds
21
Van der Waals - weak attraction Graphite
22
Bond Strength and Mineral Hardness **The stronger the bond, the harder the mineral 2. Ionic bond– intermediate strength, moderately hard minerals 1. Covalent bond – strongest bond, hardest minerals 3. Van der Waals bond– weakest bond, softest minerals
23
Most Common Elements Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium Percentage by Weight
24
Crystal Growth
25
Five Requirements to be a mineral Naturally formed Solid Formed by inorganic processes Specific chemical composition Characteristic crystal structure
26
Properties of Minerals Crystal form Habit and Cleavage Hardness Luster, Color, Streak Density
27
Crystal form Quartz
28
Isometric (cubic) Tetragonal Orthorhombic Hexagonal TrigonalMonoclinic
29
Crystal Form
30
Habit
31
GeodeStalactitic Botryoidal Fibrous Mammillary Radiating
32
Cleavage
34
Red Arrows show where cleaveage will occur.
35
Mohs Hardness Scale 12 4 5 3 10 9 8 76
36
Mohs Hardness Scale 1 - Talc 2 - Gypsum 3 - Calcite 4 - Fluorite 5 - Apatite 6 - Potassium Feldspar 7 - Quartz 8 - Topaz 9 - Corundum 10 -Diamond softest hardest fingernail Copper penny glass Streak plate
37
Vitreous - glass like Resinous - resin like Pearly - pearl like Greasy - slippery Luster Non Metallic Metallic - metal like
38
Luster MetallicNonmetallic
39
Color
40
Color of Streak
41
box of feathers box of hammers Density
42
Common Mineral Families Silicates(SiO 4 ) 4- OxidesO 2- Carbonates(CO 3 ) 2- Sulfates(SO 4 ) 2- Phosphates(PO 4 ) 3-
43
Silicates NeosilicateSorosilicate
44
Silicates Inosilicate Phylosilicate
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.