2. Ch. 20 Carbon & Hydrocarbons  Carbon is mainly found combined with other elements  What are some examples of carbon with other elements?  Petroleum, natural gas, sugars, wood,  ANY THING LIVING HAS CARBON  What are some examples of carbon by itself?  Coal, diamond, graphite

3. WWhy does carbon combine so well with elements? ++4, -4 charge CCarbon atoms form rings & chains CCarbon can form a loose bond arrangement or a tight symmetric bond. DDiamond  tight GGraphite  loose

4. Graphite  Very loose arrangement  Good lubricant  Graphite pencils  Graphite composites  metals & graphite combined together  Golf club, racquet, bats

5. Diamonds  Tight arrangement  Mined in Africa (mainly)  Densest form of carbon  Hardest mineral  Used in drilling, grinding, & cutting

6. Amorphous Carbons – decomposed carbons by heat 11. Coal – from decomposed organic compounds 22. Peat – partially carbonized plant material. Used as fertilizer 33. Coke – residue left from heating bituminous coal. 44. Charcoal – residue from heating wood.

7. Organic Chemistry  Any compound with carbon in it.  Carbon can form a single, double, or triple bond.  Hydrocarbons are compounds with carbon & hydrogen.  Substitute hydrocarbons are compounds with H, C, & a third element.

8. Types of Hydrocarbons  1. Alkanes  Single Bonds  CH4  2. Alkenes  Double Bonds  C2H4  3. Alkynes  Triple Bonds  C2H2

9. Table 20 – 2 (pg. 635)  Methane (CH4)  Ethane (C2H6)  Propane (C3H8)  Butane (C4H10)  Pentane (C5H12)  Hexane (C6H14)  Heptane (C7H16)  Octane (C8H18)  Nonane (C9H20)  Decane (C10H22)

12.  Ethene (C2H4)  Propene (C3H6)  Butene (C4H8)  Pentene (C5H10)  Hexene (C6H12)  Heptene (C7H14)  Octene (C8H16)  Nonene (C9H18)  Decene (C10H20)

13.  Ethyne (C2H2)  Propyne (C3H4)  Butyne (C4H6)  Pentyne (C5H8)  Hexyne (C6H10)  Heptyne (C7H12)  Octyne (C8H14)  Nonyne (C9H16)  Decyne (C10H18)

14.  Saturated Hydrocarbons have only singe bonds  Unsaturated Hydrocarbons have at least 1 or more double or triple bonds.  NAME HYDROCARBONS  PRACTICE EXAMPLES