1. Virtual Interaction: Basic Similarities and Unique Opportunities Jeremy Bailenson Department of Communication Stanford University Virtual Human Interaction Lab http://vhil.stanford.edu http://vhil.stanford.edu

2. Overview Definitions of digital human representation and virtual reality Similarities between Physical And Virtual Interaction Theory of Transformed Social Interaction Empirical examples

3. Digital Identities: (Avatars)

4. Digital Immersive Virtual Environment Technology

6. Digital Human Representation (Avatar) Creation

8. Facial Expression Tracking

10. Network CVE Remote Digital Communication

11. Collaborative Virtual Environments

12. Similarities between Physical and Virtual Behavior (“Social Presence”)

13. Subjective Responses Presence scores be sporadic and unreliable Do the questions make sense? To what extent were there times when you felt that the virtual world became the "reality" for you How Colourful was your day?

14. Social Presence: Interpersonal Distance

15. Social Presence: Eye Gaze

16. Social Presence: Physiological Signals

17. Social Presence: Memory/Facial Recognition

18. Transformed Social Interaction (TSI) Actual Behavior Strategic Filter Transformed Behavior

19. 3 Dimensions of TSI Transforming Self Representation Transforming Social-Sensory Abilities Transforming Social Context

20. TSI : Transforming Self Representation

21. TSI: Augmented Gaze Gaze is powerful: –Learning (Sherwood, 1987) –Persuasion (Morton, 1980) –Physiological Arousal (Wellens, 1987) –Shaping the structure of a conversation (Kendon, 1987; Argyle, 1988)

22. TSI: Augmented Gaze

23. TSI: Digital Chameleon

24. Persuasive passage read by Agent 60 subjects –Mimic (4s lag) –Recording of other subject

25. TSI: Digital Chameleon 40 Dyads digitally shake hands One person unwittingly mimics the other Negotiation Task

26. TSI: Facial Identity Capture

27. TSI: Identity Capture Similarity among people results in: –Attraction (Shanteau & Nagy, 1979) –More Persuasion (Chaiken, 1979) –More purchases (Brock, 1965) –More altruistic helping behavior (Dovidio, 1984) –Trust (DeBruine, 2002)

28. Facial Identity Capture: High Info, Familiar Target National random sample (N = 200) 1 Week before presidential election Viewed candidate photos while evaluating Bush and Kerry 3 groups of subjects –No morph –Bush Self, Other Kerry –Kerry Self, Other Bush

29. TSI: Facial Identity Capture

32. Team Face

34. The Proteus Effect

36. Identity Cues Attractiveness (Yee, 2006, 2007) Height (Yee, 2006, 2007) Race (Groom, 2007) Age (Yee, 2006) Transfer/Generalizability Naturalistic Settings (WoW) Outside VR

37. TSI in VR: Transforming Social- Sensory Abilities

38. Transforming Social Perception T

39. Transforming Proxemics: Sharing Body Space

40. TSI: Homuncular Flexibility

41. TSI : Transforming Social Context Space Time

42. Learning: Transformed Proximity: Angle

43. Learning: Transformed Proximity: Distance

44. TSI : Transformed Conformity

45. Conclusions The digital world is a wonderful and scary place TSI both effective and hard to detect TSI may have drastic implications on teamwork and collaboration

46. Collaborators Megan Miller Andrew Orin Nicole Lundblad Julia Hu Claire Carlson Aaron Sullivan Boyko Kakaradov Michael Jin Stanford Graduate Students/ Post Docs Nick Yee Jesse Fox Dan Merget Manos Pontikakis Kayur Patel Victoria Groom Stanford Faculty Shanto Iyengar Cliff Nass Roy Pea Byron Reeves Dan Schwartz UCSB Faculty Andy Beall Jim Blascovich Jack Loomis Matthew Turk Thank you! Virtual Human Interaction Lab http://vhil.stanford.edu Josh Ainslie Adrian De La Mora Jon Shih Jaireh Tecarro Amand Luther Kathryn Rickertsen Jerry Yu Stanford Undergraduates Berkeley Faculty Ruzena Bajcsy Jaron Lanier