1. The Skeleton From the Greek, meaning “dried up” 20% of body mass
Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Joints, & Ligaments

3. Axial skeleton Skull Vertebral Column Thorax Cranial bones
Facial bones
Vertebral Column
Thorax

4. Cranial bones Frontal Parietal (2) Occipital Temporal (2) Sphenoid
Ethmoid

5. Frontal Frontal sinus supra-orbital ridge (margin)
supra-orbital foramen (or notch)
frontal suture (usually only present in fetal skull)
coronal suture (between frontal and anterior border of parietals)

6. Parietal bones
sagittal suture
lambdoid suture
squamous suture

7. Occipital
occipital condyles
foramen magnum
nuchal lines

8. Temporal squamous portion external acoustic (auditory) meatus
mastoid process
styloid process
petrous portion
zygomatic process

9. Sphenoid greater and lesser wings pterygoid processes sella turcica
sinuses

10. Ethmoid perpendicular plate crista galli cribriform (horizontal) plate
superior and middle concha
sinuses

11. Facial bones Unpaired bones Paired bones Mandible Maxillae Vomer
Zygomatic
Nasals
Lacrimals
Palatines
Inferior conchae

12. nasal bones
lacrimal bones

13. Zygomatic bones
orbital process
temporal process
maxillary process

14. Maxilla & Palatine Bones
sinus
alveolar ridge (margin)
infra-orbital foramen
palatine processes

15. Mandible
ramus
condyle
angle
body
Coronoid process
Alveolar ridge

16. Facial Bones (continued)
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae
Sinuses

17. Hyoid bone

18. Ribs True Ribs – First 7 pairs (connect to sternum directly)
False Ribs – last 5 pairs
Floating ribs – the last two false ribs are called floating ribs because they don’t attach in the front at all

19. Sternum suprasternal (jugular) notch Manubrium sternal angle body
xiphoid process
clavicular notch

20. Vertebrae: Lamina Pedicles Centrum spinous process
superior and inferior articulating processes
vertebral foramen
intervertebral foramen

22. Vertebrae: Continued Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic (12)
bifid spinous process
transverse foramina
C1 = atlas
C2 = axis with odontoid process
Thoracic (12)
downward sharp spinous process
articulating facets on centrum and transverse processes for ribs

23. lumbar (5) Sacral: (5) fused Coccyx: (1-4) fused massive centrum
short, wide spinous process
Sacral: (5) fused
sacral canal
auricular surface
sacral foramen
median sacral crest
sacral hiatus
sacral promontory
apex
Coccyx: (1-4) fused

24. Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral Girdle
Clavicle - sternal end, acromial end
Scapula
Spine
supraspinatus fossa,
infraspinatus fossa
acromion process
coracoid process
vertebral border
axillary border
glenoid cavity

25. Bones of the Upper Extremity
Humerus
Radius
Ulna

26. Humerus Head Neck: surgical/anatomical Greater/ Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular groove
Deltoid tuberosity
Epicondyles - medial/lateral
Trochlea
Capitulum
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa

27. Radius
Head
Neck
Shaft
Radial tuberosity
Styloid process
Ulnar notch

28. Ulna Olecranon process Trochlear notch Radial notch Coronoid process
Styloid process
Head

29. Bones of the Wrist and Hand
Carpals - 8 wrist bones
Metacarpals - 5 hand bones
Phalanges - 14 finger bones

30. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle (OS COXAE)
Consists of three bones:
Ilium
Ishium
Pubis

31. ILIUM Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch
Sacroiliac joint

32. ISCHIUM Ischial tuberosity Lesser sciatic notch Acetabulum
Obturator foramen

33. PUBIS
Pubic symphysis

34. Male Pelvis / Female Pelvis
Larger, heavier
Heart -shaped
Deep pelvis
Tilted forward
< 90 degree angle
Smaller, lighter
More oval
Shallow pelvis
Flared more
>90 degree angle

36. Bones of the Thigh and Leg
Femur
Tibia
Fibula

37. FEMUR Head Neck Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Shaft
Linea aspera
Epicondyles
Condyles
Intercondylar notch or fossa
Patellar surface
FEMUR

38. TIBIA
Tibial condyles
Tibial tuberosity
Medial malleolus
Shaft

39. FIBULA
Head
Shaft
Lateral malleolus

40. Patella - Kneecap

41. Bones of the Ankle and Foot
Tarsals - 7 ankle bones
Talus
Calcaneus
Metatarsals - 5 foot bones
Phalanges - 14 toe bones
proximal
middle (medial)
distal
Bones of the Ankle and Foot