1. Chapter 2
Chest

2. Bony Thorax 1 - __________ (Breastbone) 2 - Clavicles (Collar bones)
2 - ________ (Shoulder Blades)
12 - Rib Pairs
12 - ________Vertebrae

3. 2 Lungs Right has _______ lobes Left has ________ lobes
Superior, middle, ___________
Separated by two deep fissures
Left has ________ lobes
_________ and inferior
Separated by one deep fissure

4. Lungs _________ ___________ ____________ angle Rounded superior area
Inferior concave area.
Rests on the diaphragm
____________ angle
Inferiolateral corners where the diaphragm meets rib

5. Lung Tissue ___________ Functional tissue Spongy and elastic
Allows lungs to ______________(Breathing)

6. Pleura _____________ Sac the lungs are held in Two parts
__________Pleura - Outer layer
__________ (Visceral) Pleura - Inner layer
Pleural cavity
________space between parietal and pulmonary pleura

7. Pleura Problems _______________ Pleural ____________
Air in the Pleural cavity
Pleural ____________
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
Hemothorax – Blood
Empyema - Pus

8. Diaphragm Primary muscle of breathing 3 openings Two ________________
Aorta
___________
Inferior Vena Cava

9. Pharynx (Upper Airway)
Three Parts
____________ - Posterior to nasal cavity
___________ - Posterior to oral cavity (mouth)
____________ - At the junction between larynx and esophagus
Accessory Parts
Hard & Soft Palate, Uvula,

10. Larynx (Voice Box) Cartilaginous structure From _____________
Suspended by _____________
Contains 3 cartilage structures
_____________
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage

11. Trachea (Windpipe) Inferior to __________ Fibrous Muscular structure
3/4 inch diameter
4 1/2 inches long
Surrounded by 20 cartilaginous rings
From ______________
Branches into right and left at the distal trachea at the ____________

12. Bronchi Right Bronchi Left Bronchi Wider and __________ than left
Branches into the three right lobes
Left Bronchi
Smaller and ___________ than right
Branches into the two lobes of the left

13. Mediastinum Part of the _______________cavity between the lungs.
Extending from the _____________ column and contains all thoracic organs excepts the lungs.

14. Mediastinum Organs Thymus Gland __________and great vessels
___________
Esophagus

15. Hilum
A ____________________at that part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter.
In the lungs:
__________
Blood Vessels
Lymph Vessels
___________

16. Taking a Chest X-ray Consider body habitus _____________ Sthenic
short and wide - 14 X 17 crosswise
Sthenic
Agerage X 17 cross or lengthwise
longer and more narrow - 14 X 17 lengthwise
Asthenic
long and narrow - 14 X 17 lengthwise

17. Topographical Landmarks
Vertebra Prominens
________
Apex of lungs
Jugular Notch
__________
Top of Sternum
Xiphoid Tip
____________
Anterior Diaphragm

18. Technical Factors Adult CXR
Erect
High kV ____________
Long scale
Low _________
mAs determined by pt
____________

19. Pediatric CXR Use immobilizer for erect image.
Decrease kV to __________
CR to mid thorax (___________)
Crying is ____________!

20. Patient Prep Remove all _________ around neck area
Remove shirts with ______, snaps, etc..
Remove _________ with clips
Look for anything around lung field
Oxygen tubes, hair braids, etc..
Nipple markers*

21. Patient Instructions Typically done on ___________
To get the best inspiration
“Breath in and blow it out take another breath in and ________________”
Can do on expiration
Pneumothorax, foreign body, lack of diaphragm movement, comparisons.
“Take in a breath blow it all the way out and ______________.”

22. Patient Positioning PA
Erect
____________
No rotation
Chest against bucky
Hands on hips
Shoulder “__________” forward
Chin up

23. Left Lateral Left side against IR Erect 72” SID No rotation
___________

24. CR Positioning Mid ___________ (T7)
7-8” __________ to Vertebra Prominens (C7)
Hand spread method (pg 83)
Once CR is positioned, center _________

25. Guidelines for a perfect CXR PA and Lt Lat
No rotation
PA - look at ____________
Equidistance from spine
Lateral - look at ___________ posterior ribs
No more than 1/4” to ______ separation

26. CXR Guidelines Adequate Inspiration Adequate technique PA
Minimum of ____________on PA
Adequate technique PA
T-Spine vertebrae seen with ____________

27. Other Chest Projections
AP - Supine or Semi erect
Slight ____________(5 degrees)
CR to be perpendicular to the ____________
Center to mid sternum (_____ inferior to jugular notch)

28. Decubitus Lt/Rt Lateral Decubitus Pt recumbent on lt/rt side
CR shot AP/PA to mid sternum
For _______________or fluid levels

29. Others continued AP Lordotic Can do supine
To visualize apices _____________
Pt stands ______ away from bucky an leans back
Hand positioned as per _________ chest
CR straight at mid sternum
Can do supine
____________degree cephalad angle at mid sternum

30. LAO and RAO LAO CR RAO CR 45 degree anterior oblique
Left side closest to bucky
Rt arm up
Lt arm on hip
________seen best CR
Level of T7
Mid body
RAO
45 degree anterior oblique
Right side closest to bucky
Lt arm up
Rt arm on hip
________seen best CR
Level of T7
Mid body

31. LPO and RPO LPO CR RPO CR 45 degree posterior oblique
Lt side closest to bucky
Lt arm up
Rt arm on hip and rolled back
_______seen best CR T7
Mid body
RPO
45 degree posterior oblique
Rt side closest to bucky
Rt arm up
Lt arm on hip and rolled back
_________seen best CR T7
Mid body

32. S.T. Neck Factors _________SID for Lateral _________SID for AP
kVp
Slow deep inspiration
Fill __________ with air

33. S.T Neck Upper Airway AP Lateral CR CR Recumbent or erect Rt or Lt
Pt to look straight ahead CR
Between thyroid and jugular notch
_____above jugular notch
Lateral
Rt or Lt
Recumbent or erect
Chin slightly elevated
Shoulders rolled back CR
Between thyroid cartilage and ________