1. 08 -25- 11 LEARNING GOALS: WARM-UP: Agenda Warm-Up (5 min)
Overview of safety rules!
Science is an ongoing process that is a self correcting way of learning.
Following directions and using equipment properly promotes a safe and accident free lab environment. Proper tools and precise measurement equals accurate quantitative data.
WARM-UP:
1) What does this safety symbol represent in the lab safety rules?
 2) Name one of the branches of life sciences.
Agenda
Warm-Up (5 min)
Go over safety symbols + meaning (10 min)
“About Science” notes (15 min)
Creating a hypothesis WS (10 min)
Reading assignment Ch. 1-2 (30 mins)
Reflection
Electric shock: Never use electrical equipment around water, or when equipment or hands are wet.
Biology, zoology, botany, entomology, anatomy & physiology etc.
HOMEWORK DUE:
Signed contracts (Due Friday) & folders

2. Safety Symbols Common to all Sciences Corrosive Apron Proper Disposal
Heating Glassware
Goggles
Hand Washing
Fumes
Glassware
General Safety
Heat-resistant gloves
Toxic/poison
Electrical Shock
Open Flames
No Open Flames
Physical Safety

3. Explanation of Symbols
Apron- Wear a lab apron to protect skin and clothing.
Goggles- Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes during labs that use chemicals, flames or heating, or the possibility of broken glass.
Glassware- handle breakable materials with care. Do not handle broken glass.
Heat-resistant gloves – Use hand protection when handling hot materials. Do not touch hot materials with bare hands.
No Open Flames- Flammable materials may be present. Make sure no flames, sparks, or exposed heat sources are present.
Physical Safety- When an experiment involves physical activity, take precaution not to injure yourself or others. Alert your teacher of any reason that you should not participate in the activity.

4. Explanation of Symbols
Proper Disposal- Not everything goes in the trash or sink. Follow teacher’s directions as to where to dispose of all materials.
Hand Washing- Wash hands thoroughly after all lab activities.
General Safety- Follow additional safety precautions given by your teacher.
Toxic/poison- Do not let poisonous chemicals come in contact with your skin, clothing or eyes. Do not inhale vapors. Wash hands when you are done with the activity

5. Introduction to PHYSICS
Unit 1:
“About Science”

6. Physics - The Basic Science Natural philosophy-the study of unanswered questions about nature; as the questions were answered, this became known as present-day Science.
PHYSICAL SCIENCES:
Geology
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
LIFE SCIENCES:
Biology
Zoology
Botany

7. Physics (foundation for…) Chemistry (foundation for…) Biology
Physics studies motion, forces, energy, matter, heat, sound, light, atoms
Physics (foundation for…)
Chemistry (foundation for…)
Biology

8. Mathematics – The Language of Science
Mathematics – “universal” language When information is expressed mathematically, it is easier to prove or disprove correctness

9. Example: (slowly or quickly relative to what?) VS
1. A red car is driving slowly; a blue car is driving quickly
(slowly or quickly relative to what?) VS
2. A car is driving at 35 mph, and a blue car is driving at 110 mph
(mathematical terms – more clear)

10. Methods used in science in gaining, organizing and applying knowledge
Scientific Methods
Methods used in science in gaining, organizing and applying knowledge

11. Steps of the Scientific Method
Problem – what question do you want answered?
Hypothesis – what do you THINK the answer might be? (an educated guess)
The hypothesis must be TESTABLE (scientists must be able to experiment to test the hypothesis)

12. For example: Atoms are the smallest particles of matter – TESTABLE VS
Albert Einstein is the greatest physicist of all time – NOT TESTABLE

13. Scientific Method Steps, cont.
Prediction – what will happen if your hypothesis is correct?
Experiment – test your hypothesis
Results – visually show what you learned in your experiment (usually charts and graphs)
Conclusion – was your hypothesis correct? What did you learn from the experiment?

14. (EX: water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius)
Scientific Attitude
FACT – a close agreement by competent observers of a series of observations of the same phenomenon
(EX: water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius)

15. (EX: Newton’s Laws of Motion)
Scientific Attitude
LAWS or PRINCIPLES – a general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted
(EX: Newton’s Laws of Motion)

16. Scientific Attitude, cont.
THEORY – a synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses well- tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world
Theories are based on facts.
(EX: Theory of Relativity, Theory of Evolution)

17. Science, Technology, and Society
SCIENCE deals with theoretical questions;
it is a “way of knowing”
TECHNOLOGY deals with practical problems; it is a “way of doing”
What do you think - Is technology good or bad?

18. Science, Art and Religion
All are pathways to search for order and meaning
SCIENCE investigates natural phenomenon
ART is the creation of objects or events that stimulate the senses
RELIGION is the belief in nature’s purpose
The 3 do not exist alone.
The blending of all 3 creates diversity among scholars.

19. DUE TODAY:
About science notes (KEEP-Binder)
Hypothesis worksheet
Reading Assignment Ch. 1-2
“Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgment that something else is more important than fear.”
-Ambrose Redmoon
DUE NEXT CLASS:
Syllabus contract
Binder/dividers/CALCULATOR
Unit folders
Study for Safety Quiz

20. 08 – 25 – 2011 LEARNING GOALS: WARM-UP: AGENDA: HOMEWORK DUE:
Overview of safety rules!
Science is an ongoing process that is a self correcting way of learning.
Following directions and using equipment properly promotes a safe and accident free lab environment.
Proper tools and precise measurement equals accurate quantitative data.
08 – 25 – 2011
WARM-UP:
1) What does this safety symbol mean/ explanation?
2) Where is the first aid kit located in our lab?
AGENDA:
Warm-Up 5 min
2) Review for Safety Quiz 10 mins
What is science Notes? 15 mins
Scientific Method Activity 15 min
Writing a hypothesis 10 mins
Basic equipment & metric system 15 mins
No Open Flames- Flammable materials may be present. Make sure no flames, sparks, or exposed heat sources are present
By the lab door in a box with a red cross
HOMEWORK DUE:
Signed contracts (DUE Friday)
SUPPLIES

21. Review Safety Symbols

22. Explanation of Symbols
Apron- Wear a lab apron to protect skin and clothing.
Goggles- Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes during labs that use chemicals, flames or heating, or the possibility of broken glass.
Glassware- handle breakable materials with care. Do not handle broken glass.
Heat-resistant gloves – Use hand protection when handling hot materials. Do not touch hot materials with bare hands.
No Open Flames- Flammable materials may be present. Make sure no flames, sparks, or exposed heat sources are present.
Physical Safety- When an experiment involves physical activity, take precaution not to injure yourself or others. Alert your teacher of any reason that you should not participate in the activity.

23. Explanation of Symbols
Proper Disposal- Not everything goes in the trash or sink. Follow teacher’s directions as to where to dispose of all materials.
Hand Washing- Wash hands thoroughly after all lab activities.
General Safety- Follow additional safety precautions given by your teacher.
Toxic/poison- Do not let poisonous chemicals come in contact with your skin, clothing or eyes. Do not inhale vapors. Wash hands when you are done with the activity

24. Safety Quiz
Monday Aug. 29, 2011

25. What Science Is and Is NOT
- The goal of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.

26. What Science Is 1) science deals with the natural world
2) scientists collect and organize information in an orderly way, looking for patterns and connections between events.
3) scientists propose explanations that can be tested by examining evidence.
* In other words science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

27. Thinking Like a Scientist
Suppose your car doesn’t work. Is it out of gas? Is the battery dead?
How can one find out what is wrong?
FINDING ANSWERS IN THE REAL WORLD

28. Thinking Like A Scientist
*THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Observation: The car won’t move
Question: Is the car out of gas?
Hypothesis: The car is out of gas.
Experiment: Put gas in the car.
Repeat:
*Then maybe you will come to a conclusion

30. Thinking Like A Scientist
Scientific thinking usually begins with an observation.
Observations generally involve using one’s senses. The information gathered then is called data.

31. ***Observations
Louis Pasteur used the scientific method to disprove the idea of spontaneous generation.
READ FROM SCIENTIFIC METHOD

33. Collect Data about Question
Quantitative data is data that is expressed in numbers.
Qualitative data is descriptive and involves characteristics that can’t usually be counted.

34. Quantitative vs. Qualitative
Weight and Height are an example of:
The manatee seems healthy and alert is an example of:

35. ***Question Ask a question about the problem you observe. Example:
Is the car out of gas?
Why are there ants in my glove box?

36. Explaining and Interpreting Evidence
After making essential observations, researchers will propose one or more hypotheses.
Hypothesis – A testable statement for what was observed.

37. ***Hypothesis What is a hypothesis? What is a guess?
How do you know what is educated?

38. Question Everything.
This book contains a lot of facts but don’t think biological science is a set of truths that do not change.
Science is always an ongoing process that involves asking question, observing, making inferences, and testing hypothesis.

39. ***Designing an Experiment
Asking a question.
Forming a hypothesis.
Setting up a Controlled Experiment
Recording and Analyzing results
Drawing a conclusion

40. Setting Up a Controlled Experiment
Testing a hypothesis often involves designing an experiment.
The factors in the experiment that can change are called variables.
Ex: weather, materials, light, time, space, etc.

41. Controlled Experiment
Whenever possible, a hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time.
All other variables should be left unchanged, or controlled.
Manipulated variable / Independent variable – variable that is deliberately changed.
Responding variable / Dependent variable – variable that changes in response to the independent variable.

42. Questions What are the controlled variables?
What is the independent variable?
What would be the dependent variable?

43. When Experiments Are Not Possible
Field studies – If a scientist wanted to gain a better understanding of a particular organism in the wild then an experiment would be impossible.

44. Creating an Experiment
Get into groups of three or four and create a controlled experiment from the observation you see below.
Observation: ?
Question: ?
Hypothesis: ?
Experiment: ? (Controlled)
Maybe Conclusion: ?

45. “Patience is the companion of wisdom.” ~Saint Augustine
DUE TODAY:
Hypothesis
Simpsons worksheet
“Patience is the companion of wisdom.” ~Saint Augustine
DUE NEXT CLASS:
Syllabus contract
Binder/spiral/calculator
STUDY FOR QUIZ

46. 08 – 25 – 2011 LEARNING GOALS: WARM-UP: AGENDA: HOMEWORK DUE:
Overview of safety rules!
Science is an ongoing process that is a self correcting way of learning.
Following directions and using equipment properly promotes a safe and accident free lab environment.
Proper tools and precise measurement equals accurate quantitative data.
08 – 25 – 2011
WARM-UP:
1) What format should a hypothesis be written? (hint: what words do you use)
2) True or False: The independent variable can be controlled or changed by the experimenter.
AGENDA:
Warm-Up 5 min
2) Safety Quiz 10 mins
3) Scientific method activity 10 mins
4) Simpsons WS 15 min
5) Basic equipment & metric system 15 mins
IF……, THEN….
HOMEWORK DUE:
Signed contracts (DUE Friday)
SUPPLIES
True

47. Safety Quiz
No talking!

48. Basic Equipment and Metric System

49. Graduated cylinder
Used to make accurate measurements of liquid volumes. The bumper ring on larger cylinders is to prevent breakage if tipped over.

50. Measuring the Volume of a liquid with a graduated cylinder
The top of a liquid in a cylinder curves to form what is known as a meniscus.
Read the bottom of the meniscus to measure the amount of liquid in the cylinder!
The smaller the container the greater the curve.

51. Triple Beam Balance The balance is named for its three "beams".
How to use the Triple Beam Balance:
The tares, or weights are moved to ZERO
An object is placed on the pan of the balance
Facing the balance
the back beam is in 10 gram steps ( 10g – 20g – 30 g …)
the middle beam is in 100 gram steps (100g – 200g …)
the front beam is in 1 gram steps (1g – 2g – 3g…)
1st move the 100g step to the next notch
2nd move the 10g step to the next notch
3rd move the 1g step to the next notch
It is very important that the tares on these two beams are in the notch for the whole number of grams and not in between notches.
Total mass = (100g beam) + (10g beam) + (1g beam)

52. Reading a Balance

53. Using Litmus Paper Base = BLUE Acid = RED
An acid turns blue litmus paper red
A base turns red litmus paper blue.
You should never dip the test paper into the solution being tested.
Always use a glass stirring rod. Dip a clean stirring rod into the solution, then touch the wet stirring rod to the paper.
Base = BLUE
Acid = RED

54. Test tube holder
Used to hold test tubes for short periods of "gentle" heating.

55. Heating a Test Tube Never heat a closed container
Heat the open test tube pointing away from you and others
Always heat the test tube at an angle from the flame.

56. Foundations of the Metric System
Based on multiples of TEN (10)
Seven basic units
Uses of prefix for making numbers larger and smaller.

57. Basic Units
Length = meter (m)
Mass = gram (g)
Time = second (s)
Temperature = Celcius (C°)
Volume = Liter (L)

58. Commonly use Metric Prefixes…
Symbol
Factor
giga G
109
mega M
106
kilo k
103
***Basic unit
m, g, s, Cº, L
10 no superscript***
centi c
10-2
milli m
10-3
mico
10-6
nano N
10-9

59. Conversions
The superscript  tells you how many ZEROS the number has from the decimal (.)
Example 1:
“kilo” (k) = so…“kilo” has 3 zeros to the LEFT of the (.)
12 km = m
Example 2:
“nano” (n) = so…”nano” has 9 zeros to the RIGHT of the (.)
3nm = m
Your turn…
23 mm = ______ m

60. “Patience is the companion of wisdom.” ~Saint Augustine
DUE TODAY:
Safety Quiz
Metric System notes (KEEP)
Simpsons worksheet
“Patience is the companion of wisdom.” ~Saint Augustine
DUE NEXT CLASS:
Syllabus contract
Binder/spiral/calculator