1. The Current and Former Communist World CHAPTER NINE

3. Thinking About The Current and Former Communist World A.The Impossible: Collapse of Totalitarianism B.What is/was the Communist World? C.Common Origins i.The Leninist State - Democratic Centralism ii.Command Economies

4. Thinking About The Current and Former Communist World D.The Transition: Key Questions i.The Political Stakes ii.Shifting Intellectual Gears: New questions 1)What forces shaped the development of states and governments? 2)How can we describe decision making? 3)What is political participation like? 4)How did collapse happen? 5)Why did some Communist systems survive? 6)What is the relationship between economic and political reform? 7)Why are challenges bigger in former Communist states?

5. The Evolution of Communist Regimes A.Origins of Socialism B.Marxism, revolutionary socialism C.Marxism-Leninism, bureaucratic revolutionary socialism D.Stalinism, totalitarianism E.Expansion F.De-Stalinization

6. The Marxist-Leninist State A.The Party State i.Secretariat ii.Politburo iii.General Secretary iv.Cult of Personality v.Nomenklatura vi.Command economy B.The Graying of Communism

7. The Crisis of Communism: Suicide by Public Policy A.Reform: Too Little, Too Late i.Glasnost ii.Democratization iii.Peristroika iv.Approach to the West

8. The Crisis of Communism: Suicide by Public Policy B.1989: The Year That Changed the World C.The Remnants of the Communist World

9. Transitions A.Economic disasters Relative successes: East and Central Europe Troubled transitions: The former Soviet Union Ethnic conflict Reform: What's left of Marxism?

10. Current & Former Communist Regimes

11. Economic Change in Former Communist Countries 1989-1995