2. Project by: Victoria Solovyeva, Anna Kukushkina, Marina Kopylova, Kathrin Ishkinina. School №2,Gatchina Teacher:Jana Glushachenko Project by: Victoria Solovyeva, Anna Kukushkina, Marina Kopylova, Kathrin Ishkinina. School №2,Gatchina Teacher:Jana Glushachenko The Nobel Prize

3.  The aim of our presentation The aim of our presentation The aim of our presentation  The history of creation The history of creation The history of creation  Who was Alfred Nobel? Who was Alfred Nobel? Who was Alfred Nobel?  The winners of the Nobel prize The winners of the Nobel prize The winners of the Nobel prize  The Nobel Prize today The Nobel Prize today The Nobel Prize today  Conclusion Conclusion  Sources of information Sources of information

4. The aim of our presentation Our report is about the Nobel prize. The problem which we want to discuss is the necessity of the Nobel prize, its meaning and importance. Our report is about the Nobel prize. The problem which we want to discuss is the necessity of the Nobel prize, its meaning and importance. Content

5. The history of creation The history of creation The Nobel Prize is an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize. Content

6. Alfred Bernhard Nobel was the fourth son of Immanuel and Caroline Nobel. Immanuel was an inventor and engineer who had married Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell in 1827. Alfred was interested in explosives, and he learned the fundamentals of engineering from his father. He was a competent chemist by age 16 and was fluent in English, French, German, and Russian, as well as Swedish. Now people of the whole world know him as a swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist, who invented dynamite and other, more powerful explosives. Alfred Bernhard Nobel was the fourth son of Immanuel and Caroline Nobel. Immanuel was an inventor and engineer who had married Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell in 1827. Alfred was interested in explosives, and he learned the fundamentals of engineering from his father. He was a competent chemist by age 16 and was fluent in English, French, German, and Russian, as well as Swedish. Now people of the whole world know him as a swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist, who invented dynamite and other, more powerful explosives. Content

7. The winners of the Nobel Prize Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev Joseph Rudyard Kipling Joseph Rudyard Kipling Robert Koch Robert Koch Pierre and Marie Curie Pierre and Marie Curie Mother Teresa Mother Teresa

8. He was a Russian/Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation.Semyonov's outstanding work on the mechanism of chemical transformation includes an exhaustive analysis of the application of the chain theory to varied reactions (1934–1954) and, more significantly, to combustion processes. (April 15 1896 – September 25, 1986) Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov Content

9. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (July 9, 1894 – April 8, 1984) Content He was an innovative Soviet physicist who made important discoveries in a number of different areas.In 1978 Kapitsa won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the work in low temperature physics that he did around 1937. He shared the prize with Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson, who won for entirely unrelated work. He worked in the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge with Ernest Rutherford for over 10 years, was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1929, and was the first director of the Mond Laboratory in Cambridge from 1930 to 1934 Nikolay Semyonov (on the right) and Kapitsa (on the left), portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921

10. December 11, 1918 Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn December 11, 1918 Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian. Through his writings, he made the world aware of the Gulag, the Soviet labour camp system, and, for these efforts, Solzhenitsyn was both awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970 and exiled from the Soviet Union in 1974. He returned to Russia in 1994. In 1994, he was elected as a member of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in the Department of Language and Literature. He is the father of Ignat Solzhenitsyn, a well-known conductor and pianist. Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian. Through his writings, he made the world aware of the Gulag, the Soviet labour camp system, and, for these efforts, Solzhenitsyn was both awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970 and exiled from the Soviet Union in 1974. He returned to Russia in 1994. In 1994, he was elected as a member of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in the Department of Language and Literature. He is the father of Ignat Solzhenitsyn, a well-known conductor and pianist. Content

11. Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich (January 19, 1912 in Saint Petersburg – April 7, 1986 in Moscow) Content Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich (January 19, 1912 in Saint Petersburg – April 7, 1986 in Moscow) was a Soviet/Russian mathematician and economist. He is famous for his theory and development of techniques for the optimal allocation of resources. He was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1975 and the only winner of this prize from the USSR.

12. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (May 16, 1845, near Kharkiv, Ukraine – July 16, 1916, Paris) Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov was a Russian microbiologist best remembered for his pioneering research into the immune system. In 1882 set up a private laboratory at Messina to study comparative embryology. Mechnikov received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908, for his work on phagocytosis. He died at 71 years of age, after writing three books: Immunity in Infectious Diseases, The Nature of Man, and The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies. Content

13. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev born 2 March 1931 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a Russian politician. He was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1985 until its collapse in 1991. His attempts at reform — perestroika and glasnost — as well as summit conferences with United States President Ronald Reagan, contributed to the end of the Cold War, and also ended the political supremacy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990. Content

14. Robert Koch was a German physician. He became famous for isolating Bacillus anthracis (1877), the tuberculosis bacillus (1882) and the cholera vibrio (1883) and for his development of Koch's postulates. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his tuberculosis findings in 1905. He is considered one of the founders of microbiology - he inspired such major figures as Paul Ehrlich and Gerhard Domagk. Content Robert Koch (December 11, 1843 – May 27, 1910)

15. Joseph Rudyard Kipling (December 30, 1865 – January 18, 1936) Joseph Rudyard Kipling was an English author and poet, born in Bombay, India In 1907 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. The Nobel prize had been established in 1901 and Kipling was the first English language recipient. Kipling was one of the most popular writers in English, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Content

16. Pierre and Marie Curie (May 15, 1859 – died April 19, 1906) (November 7, 1867 – July 4, 1934) Pierre Curie was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity.’ Marie Curie (born Maria Skłodowska) was a physicist and chemist of Polish upbringing and, subsequently, French citizenship. She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity, the first twice-honored Nobel laureate (and still the only one in two different sciences) and the first female professor at the University of Paris. They shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics with Henri Becquerel. Content

17. Mother Teresa ( August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997) She was a Roman Catholic nun who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata (Calcutta), India in 1950. For over forty years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity's expansion, first throughout India and then in other countries. By the 1970s she had become internationally famed as a humanitarian and advocate for the poor and helpless, due in part to a documentary, and book, Something Beautiful for God by Malcolm Muggeridge. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work. Content

18.  The Nobel Prize today Content The Nobel Laureates take center stage in Stockholm on 10 December when they receive the Nobel Prize Medal, Nobel Prize Diploma and document confirming the Nobel Prize amount from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. In Oslo, the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates receive their Nobel Peace Prize from the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee in the presence of King Harald V of Norway.

19.  Conclusion Content We think Nobel Founded this Prize for the developing of science, supporting of scientists and writers in their work and it is really very important, because it is done for developing humanity and learning everything, that surrounds us.

20.  Sources of information Content ru.wikipedia.org nobelprize.org