1. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 1 What is Research Information ? Data/Metadata or Information about: Project Managers Ongoing and Completed Projects Research Departments Funding Organisations and Programmes Scientists Research Results Publications Equipment their timely Relationships ( Semantics )...

2. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 2 What is a CRIS? C urrent R esearch I nformation S ystem = CRIS … information about People + Organisations + Projects + Funding Programmes + Research Results + … … that means Timeliness Vitality … driven by A Concept A Model … incorporated as a Implementation (ICT) an integrated approach towards managing research information

3. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 3 What is a CRIS? C urrent R esearch I nformation S ystem = CRIS … information about People + Organisations + Projects + Funding Programmes + Research Results + … … that means Timeliness Vitality … driven by A Concept A Model … incorporated as a Implementation (ICT) an integrated approach towards managing research information heterogenous entities changing relationships CERIF Metadata Integration

4. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 4 What kind of Questions do we want to answer?  How often have articles by author X been cited?  Did author X publish with institutionally external authors?  How many articles has author X published in 2007 as a first author?  In how many FP7 projects does organisation Z participate?  How many publications have resulted from project Y?  How many people have been employed in the course of FP6 projects from the 1st call in the NMS?  How many PhD students have participated in FP6 projects?  How many women have been involved in FP6 projects?  How often have articles in journal A been requested in 2007?  How many articles have been published in the field of B?  …

5. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 5 Early CRIS pre-1985 Described projects Usually text only Usually an ordered set of (repeatable) fields, often in ‘punched card’ format Some had [ ] format Usually monolingual Based on library catalogue card idea (i.e.metadata)

6. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 6 Exceptions 1980s BEST (UK) British Expertise in Science and Technology COS (USA) Community of Science LABO (FR) CNRS Laboratories Database

7. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 7 CRIS Interoperation The Need In Europe –recognised need for standard format for interchange of R&D information Two reports –Conference of European Rectors Conferences –Committee of Heads of Research Funding Agencies

8. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 8 CRIS Interoperation The Need (Wider) European Commission picked up the ideas 1987-1990 Put together a group of experts nominated by national governments Purpose to define a Common European Research Information Format (CERIF)

9. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 9 CERIF 1991 experience & problems Single-entry focus Simple Record Format –Project was an Entity with Persons, Organisations and other infomation represented as attributes Problems with repeating groups and relationships Research Classification Scheme recommended 1991 not updated since 1988

10. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 10 CRISs and CERIF91 in the 1990s CERIF91 needed updating –to handle problems from experience of use CRIS becoming more important –noticeable both in EC and national governments Also standard needed for ERGO (European Research Gateways Online) pilot initiative –A single central catalog of research projects from national databases launched 1999 –> 20 countries submitted data, > 90,000 records

11. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 11 CRIS Conference The first conference on CRISs 1991 –Bergen, Norway –Organised by Jostein Helland Hauge –Invited national experts as speakers Subsequent conferences until 2000 –organised with the EC Conferences 2002 onwards –Organised by euroCRIS

12. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 12 CRIS Requirements 1990s cover projects, persons, organisations –and results: products, patents, publications –and facilities, equipment, events, services entities, not more attributes lengths & types & language, character set repeating groups (logical) flexibility - relationships (conceptual) better data quality consistent coding (semantic) record history (date/time)

13. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 13 Requirements in a wider sense Researcher –should provide a view of everything of interest to the researcher in a structured manner which appears logical to the researcher in order to optimize the productive time of the researcher. Organisation –should provide the information required for decision-making to the benefit of the organisation. World-at-large –Selected views of the systems described above for researchers or organisations may be made available as information to others for purposes such as publicity, education (of scholars and of the general public) or offerings for technology transfer and commercialisation.

14. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 14 Users of CRISs ? Researchers (find partners, track competitors, form collaborations) Research Managers (assess performance, assess research output, find reviewers for evaluation of proposals) Research Strategists (decide on priorities and resourcing, compare with other countries) Publication Editors (find potential authors, find reviewers for proposed papers) Intermediaries / Brokers (find research products, identify ideas to be carried forward) Media (communicate results) General Public (for interest)

15. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 15 Users of CRISs ? Researchers (find partners, track competitors, form collaborations) Research Managers (assess performance, assess research output, find reviewers for evaluation of proposals) Research Strategists (decide on priorities and resourcing, compare with other countries) Publication Editors (find potential authors, find reviewers for proposed papers) Intermediaries / Brokers (find research products, identify ideas to be carried forward) Media (communicate results) General Public (for interest) Research is International Research Information involves various Entities

16. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 16 Project Person / CV Institution Event Equipment Books Journal/article Patent Research Group Publisher

17. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 17 PROJECTORGUNIT SkillsCV General Facility Particular Equipment Contact Results Publication Results Patent Results Product Service Funding Programme Event Classification Prize/Award PERSON

18. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 18 Result_Publication Instance Diagram Person A Publication X OrgUnit O OrgUnit M OrgUnit N Project P member employee Part of owns IPR author Project leader

19. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 19 RESULT_PUBLICATION PROJECT ORGUNIT PERSON Result_Publication Can Express: Person A (DT1 - DT2) (is author of) Publication X Orgunit O (DT1 - DT2) (is owner of IPR in) Publication X Person A (DT1 - DT2) (is employee of ) Orgunit O Person A (DT1 - DT2) (is project leader of) Project P Person A (DT1-DT2) (is member of) Orgunit M Person A (DT1-DT2) (is member of) Orgunit N Orgunit M (DT1-DT2) (is part of) Orgunit O Orgunit N (DT1-DT2) (is part of) Orgunit O

20. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 20 Result_Publication Instance Diagram Person A Publication X OrgUnit O OrgUnit M OrgUnit N Project P member employee Part of owns IPR author Project leader

21. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 21 Meanwhile: Catalogue CRISs Some CRISs cataloguing other CRISs grew up e.g. DRIS (NL) Use HTML Web pages with URLs to link to other CRISs

22. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 22 Meanwhile: CRIS by Harvesting With the advent of WWW in the 1990s many universities and other organisations produced websites describing their projects, people, publications etc It was suggested that harvesting these websites could generate a CRIS No known examples –Two attempts failed –Google Scholar a CRIS? – publication-based – but requires massive resources

23. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 23 Meanwhile: Funding Organisations Had CRIS since 1970s Updated to relational technology in 1980s Used to manage the application, awarding and monitoring of R&D grants: Project and finance- based Realised the need to make some of the information available widely; generated websites from the databases in 1990s Some provided web-based update (B2C) late 1990s

24. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 24 Meanwhile: Funding Organisations Huge problem with update once grant awarded Huge problem of synchronisation with equivalent record(s) in university or research institute or cooperating industry databases Now some implementing full ERP (enterprise resource planning) systems such as Oracle EBS or SAP with integrated procurement, finance, HR, Project management…and can handle grants (research projects)

25. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 25 Meanwhile Publishers The commercial publishers’ databases could be regarded as CRISs –They hold data on persons in role author But in various different formats –They hold data on institutions as addresses Usually not complete and unambiguous –They hold data on publications as metadata full article references / citations –Within the article there may (or may not) be information on projects, facilities, equipment, services, products, events But it is hard to extract : un- or semi-structured The same is true of open access repositories

26. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 26 Where are we now? CRISs Standalone CRISs –Variety of kinds –Some based on or using CERIF Interoperating CRISs –Homogeneous (all using same schema) simple technology e.g. METIS –Heterogeneous (different schemas) Need data access and exchange schema standard Only working examples to date IDEAS and ERGO (CERIF)

27. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 27 Where are we now? Commercial CRISs One commercial offering since late 1980s –COS (COS, USA) Commercial offerings emerged recently –uniCRIS (uniCRIS AG, CH) –PURE (Atira, DK) –Converis (Avedas DE) Others moving towards this Repository Systems –Publications Management System (Symplectic UK) –ePrints (U Southampton) –DSpace (MIT) –ePubs (STFC) –Fedora (Fedora Commons, USA)

28. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 28 Where are we now? And Where Next? The need: –The EC has declared the ERA (European Research Area) The Lisbon Targets The Opportunity –CRISs to record IP of an organisation to encourage innovation, wealth creation, improved quality of life –Interoperating CRISs to support the ERA and Lisbon targets especially to encourage cross-Europe innovation Note projects CISTRANA and IST-World

29. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 29 Current Activities EUROPE ESF: CERIF for a IS in planning CORDIS, EC R&D Service: support CERIF as a Recommendation to Member State EuroHORCS: Recommendation for CERIF; UK: Research Councils specified to use CERIF as the format for IT processes and MM information UK: STFC (Corporate Data Repository based on CERIF) BE: Flanders –> CERIF as Standard Interchange Format DK: Danish Universities in PURE -> CERIF as an Interchange Format between Universities

30. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 30 What is going on ? JISC Report from April 2008 “ Metadata for digital libraries: state of the art and future directions ” by Richard Gartner http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw_0801pdf.pdf  Many available Schemas (DC, METS, MODS, …)  Each schema was singularly developed and not designed as an overal architecture to cover integrated object entities  JISC recommends therefore to overcome the problem by best practise guidelines and pragmatic application  Issues of duplicate information (overlap in sections of metadata) need rules and are currently being addressed by the library community in good practise guidelines

31. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 31 What is going on ? JISC Report from April 2008 “ Metadata for digital libraries: state of the art and future directions ” by Richard Gartner http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw_0801pdf.pdf  XML is of great importance to embed and make use of namespaces  Combining Metadata standards, even a limited such as described above, will always be messier than utilising a single standard that combines their taxonomic powers and resolves any potential clashes or duplications between them.  Integration by itself would of course be of little consequence if the standards themselves failed to address the metadata needs of the digital library community. In this respect, the provenance of each standard is of some importance. All have been constructed by authoritative standard setters within their communities.  Most of the mentioned standards have proved their ability to meet the requirements of major and highly complex digital collections.

32. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 32 What is going on ? Source: http://maps.repository66.org/; Reported on: http://www.sparceurope.org/

33. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 33 What is the situation [publication repositories] ? Source: http://maps.repository66.org/; Reported on: http://www.sparceurope.org/

34. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 34 What is the situation ? Data Silos People Organisations Patents Projects Publications Funding Programmes Funding Programmes Human Resource Management Human Resource Management Finance Project Management Project Management International Level European Level National Level Local Level

35. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 35 What is the situation ? Multiple proprietery Schemas / Formats / Applications / Services : Publication Records:  Dublin Core  Marc Code  Digital Item Declaration Language (DIDL)  Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)  … For Person Records:  FOAF For Audio/Video Files:  Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)  … Subject Headings:  Ortelius Thesaurus  MESH (Medical Subject Heading)  …  DSpace  Eprints  Open Repositories  …  GoogleScholar  CiteSeer  …  LinkedIn  Facebook,  …  MySpace  YouToube  …  Wikipedia  del.icio.us  …

36. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 36 What CRISs aim at ? Data Silos People Organisations Patents Projects Publications Funding Programmes Funding Programmes Human Resource Management Human Resource Management Finance Project Management Project Management CRISs to enable Integration and Interchange Metadata Host & Carrier

37. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 37 What CRISs aim at ? Data Silos People Organisations Patents Projects Publications Funding Programmes Funding Programmes Human Resource Management Human Resource Management Finance Project Management Project Management

38. ©euroCRIS/Keith G JefferyCRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture 20081009 38 What CRISs aim at ? Data Silos People Organisations Patents Projects Publications Funding Programmes Funding Programmes Human Resource Management Human Resource Management Finance Project Management Project Management CERIF as a Middle-Layer