1. USING TRANSITIONS

2. TRANSITIONS PURPOSE

3. 3 TRANSITIONS *Coherence* oIn the end, you want your essay to be a unified whole  a strong link chain, if you will. oThe technical term for this chain effect is COHERENCE.

4. 4 TRANSITIONS *Coherence* oCoherence points to  not only the logical flow of ideas  but also the inter-connectedness of ideas. oIn other words, how the ideas relate to each other. oThis is where TRANSITIONS come in:  they help build coherence.

5. 5 TRANSITIONS *No sentence is an island* oPoor Writing =  Poor Writing is characterized by – a lack of coherence incoherence, disjointedness, rambling short, choppy, unrelated sentences.

6. 6 TRANSITIONS *No sentence is an island* oPoor Writing =  The writer has not demonstrated any relationships between ideas: Each desert-island-sentence floats alone –in the ocean-paragraph –with no bridge connecting them. Consequently, just like someone stranded on an island, the idea soon shrivels and dies.

7. 7 TRANSITIONS *Transitions are bridges* oTransitions are the BRIDGES between sentences  they connect ideas  they show how ideas are related to each other  and they build a unified paragraph

8. 8 TRANSITIONS *Transitions are bridges* oSome of the relationships they show include  example/illustration  cause or effect  comparison or contrast  emphasis  sequence  and summary.

9. 9 TRANSITIONS *From Paragraph to Paragraph* oOnce each paragraph becomes a cohesive whole  coherent  connected logically oThen we use transitions to connect coherent paragraphs to each other, too.

10. 10 TRANSITIONS *From Paragraph to Paragraph* oIn order to build a larger point, we can employ transitions between paragraphs to  reference  contrast or  continue oa previous idea.

11. 11 TRANSITIONS *The Whole Essay* oThus, the final essay represents a series  of associations  of relationships  of links  of bridges obetween ideas.

12. 12 TRANSITIONS *The Whole Essay* oBecause of this interconnectedness, the writer's thesis is  logical  sound and  coherent... Brooklyn, NY

13. 13 TRANSITIONS *The Whole Essay* o…and the reader can easily follow the course of the argument, “crossing” from one point to another. Portland, OR

14. 14 TRANSITIONS To carry this metaphor to its conclusion oTransitions provide the valuable infrastructure necessary for a reader to travel uninterruptedly between each of the island-states, oand the final unified essay created with them has become like a centralized form of government uniting a group of island-states under one flag (title).

15. TRANSITIONS oHawaii oBritish Virgin Islands oPhilippines oGreece

16. TRANSITIONS FORMS & FUNCTIONS

17. 17 TRANSITIONS oTransitions provide links between the following:  SENTENCES: Also, the temperature of the oven must be set on high to achieve this goal.

18. 18 TRANSITIONS oTransitions provide links between the following:  PARAGRAPHS: Another reason I dislike Mondays involves highway traffic.

19. 19 TRANSITIONS oTransitions provide links between the following:  SECTIONS: As noted in the previous chapter, the theme of equivocation dominates Shakespeare's Macbeth.

20. 20 TRANSITIONS oTransitions often come in the following forms:  SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: since, because, if, when, although  COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: and, but, yet, or, nor, for, so

21. 21 TRANSITIONS oTransitions often come in the following forms:  PREPOSITIONS: after, during, behind, beyond, during  ADVERBS: once, never, always, frequently

22. TRANSITIONS LISTS

23. 23 TRANSITIONS: Lists oADDITION  additionally, in addition, and, again,  and then, also, besides, equally important,  finally, further, furthermore, moreover, nor,  too, next, lastly, what’s more, moreover,  then, first/second (-ly)

24. 24 TRANSITIONS: Lists oALTERNATIVE  alternatively, similarly,  correspondingly, in the same way oSIMILARITY  similarly, also, in the same way,  just as, so too, likewise, equally

25. 25 TRANSITIONS: Lists oCOMPARISON  by/in comparison, similarly,  in the same way, in like manner,  likewise, by the same token,  in a similar fashion, in relation to,  in respect of, with reference to,  with regard to, a propos, vis-à-vis

26. 26 TRANSITIONS: Lists oCONTRAST  in contrast, by contrast,  conversely,  on the other hand,  on the contrary,  but, however,  although, though,  otherwise, at the same time, notwithstanding, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas, but, yet, besides, versus, while, instead

27. 27 TRANSITIONS: Lists oCAUSE  because, since,  on account of, for that reason oEFFECT  therefore, consequently,  accordingly, thus, hence, as a result

28. 28 TRANSITIONS: Lists oCLARIFICATION  that is, that is to say,  in other words, to explain, to clarify,  to put it another way, to rephrase it oCONCESSION  to be sure, granted, of course, still, yet,  nevertheless, notwithstanding, however,  however much, even though

29. 29 TRANSITIONS: Lists oDEDUCTION  then, in other words, in that case, otherwise,  this implies, if not, if so, thus

30. 30 TRANSITIONS: Lists oEMPHASIS-INTENSIFICATION  even, indeed, in fact, in truth, truly,  definitely, emphatically,  unquestionably, undeniably,  of course, obviously, without reservation,  without a doubt, undoubtedly,  certainly, by all means, never,  always, perennially, eternally

31. 31 TRANSITIONS: Lists  EXAMPLE/ILLUSTRATION  for example, for instance,  to illustrate, to demonstrate, namely,  specifically, take the case of,  in this case, on this occasion, in this situation,  as follows:  the following:

32. 32 TRANSITIONS: Lists oEXCEPTION  but, yet, still, however,  in spite of, despite,  nonetheless, nevertheless,  sometimes

33. 33 TRANSITIONS: Lists oPURPOSE  to that end, to this end,  for this purpose, for that reason,  so that, in order that, intentionally oQUALIFICATION  may, might, almost, nearly, very, truly, indeed,  probably, possibly, conceivably, perchance,  maybe, perhaps, always, never, frequently,  occasionally, although

34. 34 TRANSITIONS: Lists oGENERALIZATION  generally speaking,  generally, in general,  on the whole, as a rule,  for the most part, in most cases,  usually, typically, characteristically,  naturally, normally, on average,  predictably, habitually,  by and large, more often than not

35. 35 TRANSITIONS: Lists oNEW POINT (to a)  with regard to, with reference to,  as for, in terms of, now,  as far as – is concerned,  it follows that, turning to

36. 36 TRANSITIONS: Lists oPROOF  because, for (that means “because”),  as, for that reason, since,  therefore, thus, hence,  evidently, obviously,  furthermore, moreover,  besides, indeed, in fact,  in addition, in view of the fact,  while, seeing as

37. 37 TRANSITIONS: Lists oOBVIOUSNESS  obviously, clearly, naturally,  of course, surely, after all, as expected oPLACE/POSITION  above, across, adjacent,  after, behind, below, beyond, in front of,  here, there, next, next to, near, nearby

38. 38 TRANSITIONS: Lists oSEQUENCE/ORDER  first, second, next, then, finally, after,  afterwards, following, at this time, at this point,  this time, simultaneously, concurrently,  soon, subsequently, while, meanwhile, when,  during, immediately, later, earlier, sometimes,  always, never, whenever, now, until now, once

39. 39 TRANSITIONS: Lists oTIME  first, second, next, then, finally, after,  afterwards, following, at this time, at this point,  this time, simultaneously, concurrently,  soon, subsequently, while, meanwhile, when,  during, immediately, later, thereafter, earlier,  sometimes, always, never, whenever, now, until  now, once, previously

40. 40 TRANSITIONS: Lists oREPETITION  in other words, as I have noted,  as has been noted, as noted above,  as I have said,  in summary, to summarize,  in brief, rather, to put it more simply

41. 41 TRANSITIONS: Lists oSUMMARY  finally, lastly, thus, hence, therefore,  in conclusion, to summarize,  in sum, in summary, in brief, in short,  in a word, in the final analysis,  on the whole, overall, that is to say,  summing up, as accordingly,  as I have said/proven/shown, as a result,  consequently

42. 42 SUMMATION *TRANSITIONS* oBuild coherence oLink ideas oShow relationship between ideas o“bridges” o“links in a chain”