1. An overview of TEI tagging or, Anyone for pizza?

2. Basic concepts The TEI is a modular system, built like a Chicago pizza Each module defines specific elements and attributes Elements are classified structurally and semantically

3. TEI core modules Infrastructure defines all named element classes and macros Core the TEI header elements “common to all kinds of text” Structure “book-like” structures of prose, verse, drama

4. Optional modules Alternative structures eg transcribed speech, dictionaries... Specialist applications linking and alignment; analysis; feature structures; certainty; physical transcription; textual criticism, names and dates; language corpora; manuscript description.... Caution! Under Construction!

5. There is NO SUCH THING as “the TEI dtd” TEI Lite (http://www.tei-c.org/Lite/) is our guess at what most people want, most of the time realistic for existing texts, and for new document production, e.g. TEI technical documentation At P5 the task of making your own TEI schema is much simplified

6. Basic structure(s) Every TEI-conformant document comprises a header followed by (at least one) text the header contains: mandatory file description optional encoding, profile and revision descriptions the header is essential for: bibliographic control and identification resource documentation and processing

7. Structure of a TEI text A text may be unitary or composite a unitary text contains front matter back matter a body in a composite text, the body is a group of texts (or nested groups)

8. TEI basic structure teiHeader tei.2 teiCorpus.2 tei.2 teiHeader TEI.2 back front text body div group div back front text body s

9. A text usually has divisions generic, hierarchic subdivisions vanilla or numbered type attribute associated head and trailer elements from the divtop class

10. for example... Book I. Of writing lives in general,...

11. TEI global attributes Defined in the core module id for unique identification ( to become xml:id) n for (non-unique) name or number rend for rendition (appearance) lang for language ( to become xml:lang) Defined in the linking module corresp, synch, ana for specific association types next, prev for aggregating fragmented elements

12. Character Encoding Recommendations non-normative extend, using standard entity sets or transliteration document transliteration scheme with formal Writing System Declaration a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 " % & ' ( ) * +, -. / : ; ? _ (space)

13. Text components (prose base) What are divisions composed of? prose is mostly paragraphs ( ) verse is mostly lines ( ), sometimes in hierarchic groups ( ) drama is mostly speeches ( ) containing or and interspersed with stage directions ( ) These may be mixed, and may also appear directly within undivided texts.

14. Verse: an example Summer grass — all that's left of warriors' dreams.

15. Drama: an example Enter Barnardo and Francisco, two Sentinels, at several doors Barnardo: Who's there? Francisco: Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself. Barnardo: Long live the king! Francisco: Barnardo? Barnardo: He. Enter Barnardo and Francisco, two Sentinels,at several doors Who's there? Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself. Long live the king! Barnardo? He.

16. Texts are not just words... … but probably only people know that an encoding may claim to capture just visual salience, just its assumed causes both encoding makes explicit one (or more) sets of interpretations

17. For example... And this Indenture further witnesseth that the said Walter Shandy, merchant, in consideration of the said intended marriage...

18. …or... And this Indenture further witnesseth that the said Walter Shandy, merchant, in consideration of the said intended marriage...

19. Who does the work? TEI scheme allows for close reading -- and the reverse can tag very detailed features of discourse function can normalise or simplify (e.g. dates numbers, names) … or leave well alone

20. Core phrase level elements include... phrases that are conventionally typographically distinct “data-like” (names, numbers, dates, times, addresses) editorial intervention (corrections, regularizations, additions, omissions...) cross references and links

21. for example... Of writing lives in general,and particularly of Pamela, with a word by the bye of Colley Cibber and others. It is a trite but true observation, that examples work more forcibly on the mind than precepts.… Mr. Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be... Of writing lives in general,and particularly of Pamela, with a word by the bye of Colley Cibber and others. It is a trite but true observation, that examples work more forcibly on the mind than precepts.… Mr. Joseph Andrews, the hero of our ensuing history, was esteemed to be...

22. Spaulding, he came down into the office just this day eight weeks with this very paper in his hand, and he says:— I wish to the Lord, Mr. Wilson, that I was a red-headed man. Direct speech Use the who attribute to show speakers Speeches can be nested in other speeches

23. Have you read Die Dreigroschenoper ? Savoir- faire is French for know-how. John has real savoir- faire. Foreign language phrases The xml:lang attribute may be attached to any element Use if nothing else is available Use ISO 639-2 code to identify language

24. My dear Mr. Bennet, said his lady to him one day, have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last? Names and other referring strings The (referring string) element is used for any kind of name or reference

25. Correction and Regularization marks a correction marks a (deliberate) non-correction and for normalization (or the reverse) use singly, or within if you want both.. for his nose was as sharp as a pen and a’ table of green feelds.

26. A table of green feelds and a table of green feelds. and he babbl'd of green fields. and a he table babbl'd of green feelds fields.

27. Omissions, Deletions, Additions omission by transcriber and cancellation or addition in source used to group addition and deletion together insertion by editor material uncertain because illegible physical damage to text carrier

28. The multiple hierarchy problem SGML allows only one hierarchy at a time Is a document chapter-paragraph-phrase gathering-page-leaf or both? discontinuous segments links and milestones

29. Diana and Mary approved the step unreservedly. Dia na announced that... Boundary markers page, column, and line breaks (,, ) generic

30. Some chunks are also phrases lists of all kinds notes (authorial or editorial) pictures or figures formulae tables bibliographic descriptions

31. Lists use for lists of any kind (use type attribute to distinguish) use in two-column lists as alternative to n attribute may be nested as necessary

32. for example... For my true love: * three calling birds * two french hens * a partridge in a pear tree For Uncle Joe: socks as usual For my true love three calling birds> two french hens a partridge in a pear tree For Uncle Joe socks as usual

33. Figures and graphics The presence of a graphic is indicated by the element The title of the graphic is tagged as a A description of the graphic may be supplied (as a ) for use by software unable to render the graphic The graphic itself is specified by an external link (URL)

34. Mr Fezziwig's Ball A Cruikshank engraving showing Mr Fezziwig leading a group of revellers. for example...

35. Tables a element contains s of s spanning is indicated by rows and cols attributes role attribute indicates whether row or column holds data or a label embedded tables are permitted

36. for example... A three column table Row1123 4567 Row2 abc defgh A three column table Row1 123 4567 Row2 abc defgh

37. Bibliography Use simple with optional subcomponents: (for any kind of responsibility) or,, etc. with optional level attribute groups publication details adds page references etc. Use for list of references

38. Bibliography Ed Regis Great Mambo Chicken and the Trans- Human Experience London Penguin Books 1992 pp 144 ff for example... See for example Regis (1992)....

39. Notes Use for notes of any kind (editorial or authorial) if in-line, use place attribute to specify location if out of line, either use target attribute to specify attachment point or mark attachment point as a

40. for example... The self-same moment I could pray> And from my neck so free The albatross fell off, and sank Like lead into the sea. The spell begins to break.

41. The Spoken texts module components : contextual information in header facilities for synchronization and timing

42. Features of speech

43. Utterances Basic unit of discourse, corresponding to speaker turns Optionally grouped into higher-level divisions ( s), e.g. to mark discourse function Linked by who attribute to description in header

44. Vocals and events Empty elements are used to mark paralinguistic phenomena This is just delicious I'll get it I used to smoke a lot He thinks he's tough

45. Voice quality and prosody The element is used to mark changes in voice quality Other prosodic features may be marked using specific kinds of or entity refs Elizabeth Yes Come and try this come on

46. Another example you never take this cat for show and tell meow meow yeah well I dont want to because it is so old how your cat yours is new that darling no mine isnt old mine is just um a little dirty

47. Participant Description Female informant, well-educated, born in Shropshire UK, 12 Jan 1950, of unknown occupation. Speaks French fluently. Socio-Economic status B2 in the PEP classification scheme. 12 Jan1950 Shropshire, UK English French Long term resident of Hull University postgraduate Unknown

48. Setting Description eg from P2 Bedford UK: South East early spring, 1989 rug of a suburban home playing Bedford UK: South East early spring, 1989 at the sink washing-up London, UK unknown broadcasting studio radio performance

49. Timing Pausing use element Duration use dur attribute Overlap use trans attribute

50. Overlap Have you heard the the election results? its a disaster its a miracle Have you heard the the election results? its a disaster its a miracle

51. Not covered here... specialised front and back matter dictionaries and terminology analytic tagging segmentation interpretations linking the header tags for documentation