1. Herbicide Effects on Ryegrass Transition to Bermudagrass Tim Murphy The University of Georgia

2. Transition Issues Heat tolerance of ryegrass Renegade ryegrass Poa trivialis lives longer than expected Competition to bermudagrass Long-term effects on bermudagrass When do you accelerate transition?

3. Bermudagrass Growth Minimal root growth < 50 F. soil temp. Optimum root growth 75-85 F. soil temp. Shoot growth ceases < 55 F. air temp. Optimum shoot growth 80-95 F. Need night air temps. of mid-60s F. 100+ growing days

4. Chemical Aids for Transition Herbicides PGRs Delay application until bermudagrass is in active spring growth. No green-brown-green!! Need green-green

5. Atlanta Athletic Club Project ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass fairway Seeded 9/26/99 with 85/15 MarvelGreen/Laser mix Clipping height - 5/16 inch Irrigated as needed

6. Atlanta Athletic Club Project Herbicides and PGRs applied May 8, 2000 50/50 density of bermudagrass and ryegrass Overall turf quality, bermuda and ryegrass density recorded at 7, 14 and 30 DAT

7. Manor

8. MANOR ON TRANSITION 0.330.51.0 UTC

9. Sencor and Corsair

10. SENCOR ON TRANSITION 0.330.66 UTC

11. CORSAIR ON TRANSITION 1.0 oz.2.0 oz.UTC

12. Kerb and Embark Turf Quality

13. KERB ON TRANSITION 1.5 lb.3.0 lb. UTC

14. EMBARK ON TRANSITION 6.0 oz.8.0 oz.UTC

15. CONCLUSIONS Manor - good to excellent bermuda tolerance, causes light green color, reduces ryegrass density, minimum rate is 0.5 oz. Corsair - excellent bermuda tolerance, not as effective as Manor, Kerb and Sencor in reducing ryegrass

16. CONCLUSIONS (cont.) Embark- excellent bermuda tolerance, no effect color, effectiveness on ryegrass is questionable, need research on repeat applications, earlier timings. Kerb - excellent bermuda tolerance, causes dark blue-green color, reduces ryegrass density, need research on lower rates, irrigation is critical

17. OTHER TRANSITION HERBICIDES TranXit (rimsulfuron) Revolver (foramsulfuron) Monument (trifloxysulfuron-sodium) Flazasulfuron (Katana) Sulfosulfuron (Battalion)

18. Monument Transition Project - 2001 GA Station Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass 0.75 in. clip height 2 appl. – 5/16 and 6/14 25 gpa 0.25% v/v NIS with all herbicides except Kerb

19. Monument – One Appl. (5/16/01)

20. Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)

21. MONUMENT – One Appl. (5/16/01) MON 0.1MON 0.3Kerb 1.5UTC

22. Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01) MON 0.1MON 0.3TranXit 2UTC

23. Monument Transition Project - 2003 GA Station Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass 0.625 in. clip height 4 appl. timings – 30, 60, 80 & 100% spring green-up 25 gpa, 0.25% v/v NIS with Monument

24. 30% CYNDA Green-up (3/25/03) MON 0.1MON 0.3Kerb 1.5UTC

25. 60% CYNDA Green-up (4/23/03) MON 0.1MON 0.3Kerb 1.5UTC

26. 80% CYNDA Green-up (5/09/03) MON 0.1MON 0.3 Revol. 9.0 UTC

27. 100% CYNDA Green-up (5/20/03) MON 0.1MON 0.3 Revol. 9.0 UTC

28. Revolver Transition Project - 2002 GA Station Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ Common bermudagrass 0.625 in. clip height Single appl. – 5/10/02, 70% green-up 25 gpa NIS with TranXit, Manor and Monument

29. Revolver – Turf Quality Applied 5/10/02

30. Revolver on Transition Rev 9 Man 0.5TranX 1.0UTC Applied 5/10/02 Monum 0.3

31. BattalionTransition Project - 2002 GA Station Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ Common bermudagrass 0.625 in. clip height Single appl. – 4/23/02, 50% green-up 25 gpa NIS with Battalion, TranXit, and Manor

32. Battalion – Turf Quality Applied 4/23/02

33. Battalion on Transition Batt 1.3 Kerb 2.0TranX 4.0 UTC Applied 4/23/02 Manor 0.5

34. KatanaTransition Project - 2002 GA Station Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ Common bermudagrass 5/8 in. clip height Single appl. – 4/23/02, 50% green-up 25 gpa NIS at 0.25% v/v included

35. Katana – Turf Quality Applied 4/23/02

36. Katana on Ryegrass Injury Applied 4/23/02

37. POST ANNUAL BLUEGRASS CONTROL IN OVERSEEDED BERMUDAGRASS Prograss – limited range of efficacy Battalion –rates, timing, efficacy research Velocity –Valent –SLN in GA, FL, SC, NC

38. Velocity bispyribac-sodium, labeled in rice Use rates – 1.3 to 2.6 oz.product/ac inhibits ALS, no synthesis of branched chain amino acids not a sulfonylurea, but slow acting root and shoot absorbed, ½ life < 10 d

39. Velocity Projects - 2002 GA Station Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass 0.625 in. clip height Irrigated site

40. Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury Applied 4 wks after seeding, 3-lf ryegrass

41. Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control Applied 4 wks after seeding, Oct. 23, 2001

42. Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002

43. Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002

44. Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002

45. Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002

46. Accelerating Transition  Delay application until bermudagrass is in active spring growth.  Know 30 day forecast  No green-brown-green!! (on most sites)  Need green-green

47. Bermudagrass Growth  When do you accelerate transition? Minimal root growth < 50 F. soil temp. Optimum root growth 75-85 F. soil temp. Shoot growth ceases < 55 F. air temp. Optimum shoot growth 80-95 F. Need night air temps. of mid-60s F.

48. Transition Options Slow – 4 to 6 wks –Kerb –Embark (repeats) –Cultural techniques Fast – 10 to 30 days –Katana –TranXit –Manor –Revolver –Monument –Battalion

49. Health and vigor of bermudagrass is exceedingly important to a smooth transition. www.georgiaturf.com