1. Doosti Dam on shared river of Harirood: A Friendship Bridge Between Iran and Turkmenistan Saeed Nairizi Head of the Board & Managing Director, Toossab consulting Engineers Co.

2. Shared river : Iran- Turkmenistan- Afghanistan Total length : 900 km Catchments Area : 54000 km 2 River Flow Regime : Seasonal Mean Annual Runoff : 1 km 3

3. Historical Background The first agreement on Harirood River development,Iran and Soviet Union– 1921 S.U. proposal to build dam – 1926 Agreement to embark on feasibility study – 1958 Conducting the F.S. (1974 to1979) and submission to Khorasan Water Authority (KWA) Approval by Iranian government – 1983 A new protocol between Iran and Turkmenistan 1991 Awarding a contract to a Turkmen Consultant to execute F.S -1991 protocol to construct the diversion system – 1996

4. Historical Background Start of Doosti dam diversion system – 1996 protocol for construction of main dam 1997 Approval of F. S. by both governments – 1999 Comprehensive agreement signed by two Presidents and parliaments – 2000 Joint Management Committee – 2000 Selection of contractors upon the detail design executed by Toossab,Iranian consultant and construction of the work – 2001 Impounding Reservoir – 2004 Project inauguration - 2005

5. Doosti dam specification Purpose: Irrigation & urban water supply Dam type: earth fill dam with silty – clay core Height: 78m Crest length: 655m Dam body volume: 5.8 MCM Reservoir volume: 1250 MCM Annual water regulation: 730 MCM Spillway type: gated (8x15m) Spillway design discharge: 3920 m3/Sec Bottom outlet discharge: 105 m3/ Sec

6. Joint Management Committee (JMC) Responsibility : Managing all activities at project level (bidding, work assignment, supervision, conflict settlement,…) Members: Three members from each country

7. Cooperation Status High government officials 1 comprehensive agreement, 4 memorandums and 12 protocols JMC more than 60 protocols and several meetings Consultants Numerous meetings to solve the technological differences and changing the project specifications Contractors Coordinating the activities and sharing their capacities on day by day bases

8. Main problems at the execution level Language barrier Differences in project execution systems Differences in technological status Collaboration of two contractors Common border problems Change in project specification Lack of proper supervision Project time schedule

9. Overcoming the problems confronted at the execution Designation of common border zone Setting up JMC USD as the base currency but minimizing money exchange by work balance Using Standard and technical regulations of both parties Dividing civil works to contractors according to their technical & equipment capabilities Changes in project specification by consensus Detail design, site supervision and OM guidelines were provided by Iranian consultant upon Turkmen approval

10. The dam operation and sharing water resources procedures particularly during the extreme climate should be defined and exercised. The planning and budget for Operation and Maintenance of the facilities should be more defined and practiced. Capacities to be strengthen

11. Successful approach for other basins Transparency in basin development plans, objectives and dialogues among the stakeholders. Firm commitments and political will at very top officials is the key factor. A competent JMC is a foundation for success. Any negotiation must be upon win- win outcomes with a considerable flexibility among parties involved.

12. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION