1. 2O10 IN PICTURES PART 1 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. 2010 THE YEAR OF “RECORD AND NEAR-RECORD” NATURAL DISASTERS WAVE AFTER WAVE OF NATURAL DISASTERS THAT KILLED OVER 260,000 AND CAUSED DIRECT ECONOMIC LOSSES OF AT LEAST $222 BILLION

3. 2010 El Nino, La Nina, Droughts, Winter Storms, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Floods, Volcanic Eruptions, Severe Windstorms, Tsunamis, Landslides, Droughts, and Winter Storms

4. 2010 … And the Impacts of a Record Environmental Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico (DIRECT ECONOMIC LOSSES ESTIMATED AT $50 BILLION) and Global Climate Change (Unknown loses)

5. IMPACTED NATIONS Caribbean Nations, China, Haiti, Chile, Indonesia, France, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Turkey, …

6. IMPACTED NATIONS (continued) … Madeira (Portugal), USA (California, North Dakota, Minnesota, Mid-Atlantic States), Brazil, Peru, Russia, Mexico, Iceland (Europe,---), Taiwan

7. IMPACTED NATIONS (continued Indonesia, Taiwan, Iceland, Europe (Poland, Germany, Hungary, Czech Republic), USA (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida), …

8. IMPACTED NATIONS (continued Pakistan, USA (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, California, Atlantic Seaboard, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois), Bolivia, Israel, …

9. IMPACTED NATIONS USA (North Carolina, New England states, Texas), Mexico, New Zealand, Guatemala, Pakistan, …

10. DROUGHTS

11. IN 2009, DROUGHT CONDITIONS WERE EXCERBATED BY EL NIÑO El Niño caused warming of the Pacific Ocean, which in turn caused Atlantic and Caribbean waters to be cooler.

12. CARIBBEAN NATIONS FACED CONTINUATION OF DROUGHT CONDITIONS DURING 2010 DROUGHT ATTRIBUTED TO CONTINIATION OF 2009’S EL NIÑO CONDITIONS

13. SAINT LUCIA BARBADOS SAINT VINCENT and the GRENADINES GRENADA ANTIGUA and BARBUDA JAMAICIA GUYANA TRINIDAD and TOBAGO CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES EXPRIENCING DROUGHT IN 2010

14. DROUGHT IN KUNMING, CHINA: 2010

15. EUROPE: WINTER 2009-2010 Starting in December and continuing into January 2010, the northern half of EUROPE experienced its coldest winter since 1981–1982.

16. A persistent weather pattern brought cold moist air from the north with systems undergoing cyclogenesis from North American storms moving across the Atlantic Ocean.

17. COMPARISON OF 2010 WITH 2000- 2008 AVERAGE

18. Winter 2009 – 2010 in Europe led to a number of deaths, widespread transport disruption, power failures, and the postponement of a number of civic and sporting events.

19. USA: BLIZZARD 2010 AND NOR’EASTER Record snowfall exceeding 1 m in some locations and high winds reaching 80 km/hr impacted 25 Mid-Atlantic States FEBRUARY 5-11, 2010

20. The blizzard occurred in two phases less than two months after a Dec. 19, 2009 storm dumped more than 40 cm of snow on the Washington, DC area.

21. WEATHER SYSTEM OVER MID- ATLANTIC STATES: FEB 5-6, 2010

22. NOR’EASTER: FEBRUARY 5, 2010

23. WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON, D.C.: FEB 10, 2010

24. Impacts: Government offices closed, airports closed, universities and schools closed, interstate highways closed, metro service reduced or closed down, power outages.

25. EARTHQUAKES HAITI CHILE TURKEY INDONESIA CHINA TAIWAN

26. M7.0 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES HAITI A CATASTROPHE IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE’S POOREST NATION 4:53 p.m.; JANUARY 12, 2010

27. THE DEADLIEST DISASTERS OF 2010 OCCURRED ON JANUARY 12TH M7.0 Haiti Earthquake that killed 230,000, largely because of the inadequacy of the building code, left over 1 million homeless and jobless survivors stuck in tent cities battling a hurricane (Tomas), cholera outbreak, and health-care problems for the rest of the year.

28. THE M7.0 HAITI EARTHQUAKE: JAN 12

29. PORT AU PRINCE: 1.8 MILLION IN A NATION OF 9 MILLION

30. EXAMPLE OF DAMAGE: PORT AU PRINCE

31. PORT: TOPPLED CONTAINERS

32. COLLAPSE OF UN BUILDING; PORT AU PRINCE

33. DEATH TOLL REACHED AN ESTIMATED 230,OOO+

34. LANDSLIDES MACHU PICCHU SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

35. RAIN AND MUDSLIDES IN MACHU PICCHU 2,500 TOURISTS STRANDED JANUARY 28, 2010

36. MACHU PICCHU

37. MUDFLOWS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: FEB 6, 2010 THE INTERSECTION OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN FIRST WINTER STORM OF 2010 AND BURNED OUT AREAS FROM WILDFIRES OF 2009 INCREASED RISK

38. FACT: MUDSLIDES INCREASE AFTER WILDFIRES

39. WILDFIRE- BURN AREAS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO MUDFLOWS

40. M8.8 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CENTRAL CHILE: 3:34 am on February 27, 2010 Subduction Zone M8.8 Quake 500 Times More Energy than the M7.0 Haiti Quake 800+ Deaths; 500+ Injured Numerous Aftershocks Tsunami Waves Travel Across Pacific Estimated Loss: $30 Billion

41. LOCATION: 330 KM (200 MI) FROM SANTIAGO

42. LOCATION: 100 KM FROM CONCEPCION; 330 KM FROM SANTIAGO

43. DAMAGED BUILDING IN CONCEPCION

44. CONCEPCION: URGENT MASS CARE NEEDS

45. CONCEPCION: LOOTERS

46. CONCEPCION: ELEVATED HIGHWAY COLLAPSED

47. LOCAL TSUNAMI DAMAGE

48. NO DISASTERS AS TSUNAMI WAVES MOVED ACROSS PACIFIC

49. LANDSLIDES MADEIRA (PORTUGAL) BRAZIL (RIO DE JANEIRO) TAIWAN

50. MUDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY FLASH FLOODS DEVASTATE THE MADEIRA ISLANDS, PORTUGAL AT LEAST 42 DEAD FEBRUARY 20-21, 2010

51. LOCATION OF MADEIRA

52. FEBRUARY 21: FLASH FLOOD

53. FEBRUARY 21:MUDSLIDE

54. SEVERE WINDSTORMS Xynthia Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic Basin Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific Basin Typhoons Cyclones

55. SEVERE WINDSTORMS XYNTHIA FEBRUARY 26-28, 2010

56. XYNTHIA: FLOODING IN FRANCE

57. M6.1 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES EASTERN TURKEY AT 4:32 AM THREE VILLAGES DESTROYED ALONG WITH MANY FARM ANIMALS AT LEAST 57 DEAD MARCH 8, 2010

58. NORTH AND EAST ANATOLIAN FAULTS

59. OKCULAR: POOR CONSTRUCTION

60. EARTHQUAKES INDONESIA CHINA TAIWAN

61. M7.7 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES INDONESIA NEAR EPICENTER OF 2004 QUAKE SUBDUCTION ZONE OF SUNDA AND INDO-AUSTRALIA PLATES 5:15 AM, APRIL 7, 2010

62. LOCATION

63. TOWN OF SINABANG (60 KM FROM EPICENTER)

64. 2O10 IN PICTURES PART 2 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

65. SURVIVORS FACED HARSH TEMPERATURES

66. FLOODS RUSSIA (SIBERIA) NORTH DAKOTA AND MINNESOTA, BRAZIL EUROPE PAKISTAN

67. FLOODS IN RUSSIA MARCH 2010 SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES FLOOD RISKS ACROSS RUSSIA

68. THE THREE GREAT SIBERIAN RIVERS THAT FLOODED

69. FLOODING IN SIBERIA

70. FLOODING IN KAZAKHSTAN

72. FLOODING SOUTH OF KAZAKHSTAN

73. NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND MINNESOTA EXPERIENCE MAJOR FLOODING MARCH 28-30, 2009

74. REASONS FOR FLOODING MARCH-APRIL, 2010 THE ANNUAL FLOODING THREAT TO FARGO, ND AND MOORHEAD, MN IS TRIGGERED BY:  1) The Spring melt and runoff, AFTER  2) A severe Winter.

75. 1.Synchrony of river discharge with Spring runoff 2.Ice jams

76. 3.Lake Agassiz, a glacial lake, is the floodplain of the Red River 4.A sharp decrease in river gradient makes the Fargo- Moorhead area act like a large lake.

77. 2010: MELT AND RUNOFF

78. THE “SLOW” WAY OF MAKING SANDBAGS

79. THE “SPIDER” CAN MAKE 5,000 SANDBAGS PER HOUR

80. HALSTAD, MN: 4 FT BELOW 2009’S RECORD OF 40.5 FT

81. FARGO, ND: THE RED RIVER CRESTS 4 FT BELOW RECORD ON MARCH 21

82. REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS TO EMBARK ON A 10-YEAR, $1.3 BILLION FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT A 60 KM (36-MILE) – LONG NEW RIVER CHANNEL IS EXPECTED TO SOLVE THE RECURRING THREAT

83. FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES PARALYZE BRAZIL WORST IN 50 YEARS APRIL 7, 2010

84. RIO DE JANEIRO

85. SEARCH AND RESCUE

86. LANDSLIDE IN TAIWAN EXACERBATED BY M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND RAIN APRIL 26, 2010

87. LOCATION

88. LANDSLIDE

89. OIL SPILLS AND LEAKS GULF OF MEXICO

90. “GREAT GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL OF 2010” COASTS OF LOUISANA, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, AND FLORIDA WERE IMPACTED BY A 5 MILLION BARREL OIL LEAK THAT CAUSED A HUGE ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER APRIL 22- AUGUST ???, 2010

91. OIL RIG EXPLODED IN GULF OF MEXICO: APRIL 22

92. DEEP WATERR HORIZON IN GULF OF MEXICO: APRIL 22

93. DEEP WATER HORIZON: APRIL 22

94. NASA PHOTO OF OIL SPILL IN GULF OF MEXICO

95. INITIAL OIL SHEEN ON WATER

96. OIL REACHES CHANDELEUR SOUND: APRIL 30

97. CLEAN UP SHIPS AT ANCHOR DUE TO WIND & WAVES: MAY 1

98. OIL DOME ENROUTE TO SITE OF LEAK: MAY 6

99. PLACING AN OIL CONTAINMENT BOOM: MAY 29

100. BOOM CONTAINS SPREAD OF OIL: MAY 29

101. BOOM PROTECTING A SMALL ISLAND

102. WIND & WAVES REDUCE EFFECTIVENESS OF BOOMS

103. FISHERMEN OUT OF WORK: PERMANENTLY ???

104. LA BATRE, AL: ALL FISHING SHUT DOWN

105. “A WHALE” ARRIVES IN GULF OF MEXICO: JULY 2

106. 2010 THE YEAR OF “RECORD AND NEAR-RECORD” NATURAL DISASTERS

107. FLOODS (Continued) EUROPE CHINA PAKISTAN CHINA

108. FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES IN ZHONQU COUNTY, CHINA Over 700 dead, hundreds injured, and over 1,000 missing Midnight - Saturday, August 7, 2010

109. MUDSLIDE: ZHONGU, CHINA

110. DAMAGED BUILDINGS

111. FLOODED STREETS

112. EXPLOSIONS RELEASED THE BLOCKED BAILONG RIVER

113. PRIME MINISTER WEN JIABAO CALLING FOR ACTION: AUG 8TH

114. RESCUE WORKERS

115. SEARCH AND RESCUE

116. RIVERS BURST BANKS AND BREACH DAMS IN CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER WEEKS OF RAIN POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC, … MAY – JUNE, 2010

117. POLAND AND VISTULA RIVER

118. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ICELAND INDONESIA

119. Eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull Volcano in Southern Iceland MARCH 20 --- APRIL 14, 2010

120. The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano in Southern Iceland

121. The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano

122. The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano: Lava and Lightning

123. ASH CLOUD FROM APRIL 14 ERUPTION

124. A dark and spectacular volcanic cloud spread over Britain and toward continental Europe on Thursday, April 15, forcing airlines to cancel thousands of flights as it drifted at high altitude south and east from the continuing eruption in Iceland.

125. Steam and Ash Cloud: April 17

126. Glacier and the Ash Cloud: April 18

127. A week of airspace closures caused by the ash threat to planes created the worst breakdown in civil aviation in Europe since World War II, which caused more than 100,000 flights to be canceled and losses of over $2 billion to the airline industry.

128. 2O10’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS (Continued) Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic Basin Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific Basin Typhoons Cyclones

129. A diminished El Nino created more favorable conditions for an increase in Atlantic basin severe windstorms during 2010, as compared with 2009.

130. HURRICANES IN EASTERN PACIFIC AGATHA BLAS CELIA DARBY FRANK …

131. TROPICAL STORM AGATHA STRIKES GUATEMALA SHORTLY AFTER PACAVA ERUPTS FIRST STORM OF PACIFIC SEASON FOLLOWS VOLCANIC ERUPTION MAY 27-29, 2010

132. AGATHA’S PATH

133. TORRENTIAL RAINS

134. SINKHOLE: GUATEMALA CITY

135. ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Alex (H) June 21 Bonnie July 27 Colin Aug 3 Danielle (H) Aug 21 Earl (H) Aug.29 Fiona Aug 30

136. ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Gaston Sept 1 Hermine Sept 6 Igor (H) Sept 8 Julia (H) Sept 12 Karl (H) Sept 14 Lisa (H) Sept 20 Matthew Sept 24

137. ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Nicole Sept 29 Otto (H) Oct 6 Paula (H) OCT 11 Richard (H) Oct 21

138. ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Shary (H) Oct 27 Tomas (H) Oct 29 Virginie (Never formed) Walter (Never formed)

139. ALEX STARTED AS A TROPICAL WAVE IN THE CARIBBEAN: JUNE 20

140. TROPICAL STORM ALEX: LANDFALL AT BELIZE; JUNE 26

141. TYPHOON CHANTHU (Category 1) July 17-23, 2010

142. TYPHOON CHANTHU: A CAT 1 STORM

143. TROPICAL STORM COLIN: FORMS ON WED, AUGUST 3

144. 25/08/2010S.MORA144

145. 25/08/2010S.MORA145

146. WILDFIRES SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RUSSIA BOLIVIA ISRAEL

147. WILFIRES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: LEONA VALLEY AND KERN COUNTY JULY 27 – AUGUST ?, 2010

148. LEONA VALLEY, CA

150. DC-10 DROPPING FLAME RETARDANT: PALMDALE CA

151. FIREFIGHTERS: KERN COUNTY WILDFIRE

152. RUSSIAN PRESIDENT DECLARES STATE OF EMERGENCY FOR WILDFIRES 600 WILDFIRES IN 7 REGIONS RELATED TO PROLONGED HEAT WAVE JULY 29 – AUGUST ?, 2010

153. 242,000 BATTLE WILDFIRES

154. NORTHWEST PAKISTAN (AND AFGHANISTAN) HIT BY FLASH FLOODS AFTER PROLONGED MONSOON RAINS JULY 28 - AUGUST 2, 2010

155. Summer floods are common in Pakistan as a result of monsoon rains that swell rivers and streams across the country, but 2010’s floods were the worst in 80 years and set new records.

156. DERA ISMAIL KHAN: INUNDATED

157. MUZAFFARABAD: RISING FLOOD WATERS

158. THOUSANDS OF MUD BRICK HOMES COLLAPSED

159. NOWSHERA: DAMAGED MUD HOUSE

160. COLLAPSED HOUSE

161. TRYING TO DIVERT WATER

162. SOME LIVESTOCK WERE SAVED, BUT THOUSANDS DROWNED

163. PESHAWAR: MELONS BECAME PRECIOUS

164. CLINGING TO DEBRIS

165. NOWSHERA: SEEKING HIGHER GROUND

166. SEEKING HIGHER GROUND

167. SEEKING A SAFE HAVEN

168. CHARSADDA: TRYING TO EVACUATE

169. EVACUATION: CARRYING SELECTED POSSESSIONS

170. NOWSHERA: EVACUATION

171. NOWSHERA: EVACUATION TO A SAFE HAVEN

172. EVACUATION: A DIFFICULT TASK

173. MUZAFFARABAD: INADEQUATE TEMPORARY SHELTER

174. 30,000 Pakistani troops rescued 28,000 people using helicopters and other means, and distributed water and food.

175. NOWSHERA: PAKISTANI ARMY DISTRIBUTING WATER

176. FLOODS (Continued) CHINA

177. FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES IN ZHONQU COUNTY, CHINA Over 700 dead, hundreds injured, and over 1,000 missing Midnight - Saturday, August 7, 2010

178. MUDSLIDE: ZHONGU, CHINA

179. DAMAGED BUILDINGS

180. FLOODED STREETS

181. EXPLOSIONS RELEASED THE BLOCKED BAILONG RIVER

182. PRIME MINISTER WEN JIABAO CALLING FOR ACTION: AUG 8TH

183. RESCUE WORKERS

184. SEARCH AND RESCUE

185. WILDFIRES IN BOLIVA AUGUST 19- 26, 2010

186. PRESIDENT EVO MORALES DECLARES STATE OF EMERGENCY

187. 2O10 IN PICTURES PART 3 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA