1. The Design Process Engineering Graphics Dr. Stephen Crown

2. Objective u To understand the role that engineering graphics plays in the world of engineering u To understand the process of design

3. Overview u Embark on an adventure Africa / Engineering u The design process Six Steps u Application Garage door problem

4. A Trip into Africa u You need to learn the language u You need to learn the culture u How are things done? u What is important? u An exciting experience that opens up new opportunities u A new perspective u A new way to communicate

5. A Trip into Engineering u You need to learn the language Engineering Graphics u Definition: The use of drawings in the engineering design process based on a system of well established rules and conventions that clearly conveys information about an object u Imagine trying to describe a simple physical object that you have never seen without being able to draw it u Standard conventions (like vocabulary in language) allow us to communicate more effectively and with clarity

6. A Trip into Engineering u You need to learn the culture u How are things done? u Consideration of how a part is to be manufactured is essential in design u What is important? u Example: A radio button u Finish: The part will be painted u Color: The red color shows through when illuminated u Cost: The company may make thousands each day u Shape: The part must be aesthetically pleasing

7. A Trip into Engineering u An exciting experience that opens up new opportunities u A new perspective u Able to better visualize an object u The act of creating a drawing is often an iterative process as the drawing reveals critical information u A new way to communicate u Allows for simple clear communication with other engineers and technicians u When added to other forms of communication gives richness and strength to the presentation of an idea

8. A Six Step Design Process u Design u Definition: The process of bringing together engineering principles, material resources, and creativity to produce a new solution to a well defined problem u A non-linear process u Concurrent engineering u Many of the processes in design may be revisited several times u Engineers are just some of the players

9. A Six Step Design Process u Step One: Problem Identification u What is the problem? u Defining the problem is the most important step in the design process u Be creative even at this step (brainstorm) u What part of the problem do we hope to solve? u What is the design criteria? What limitations or conditions will restrict the design? u Make a formal problem statement

10. A Formal Problem Statement u Problem Description u A concise description capturing the main problem u Requirements u Conditions that must be satisfied u Prioritize other items u Limitations u Determine constraints (cost, space, weight, environment, etc.) u Additional information u Has this problem been addressed in the past? u Are there solutions to similar problems?

11. A Six Step Design Process u Step Two: Preliminary Ideas u Brainstorm u Wild ideas are encouraged u Use your imagination (be creative) u Make sketches u Step Three: Preliminary design u Select best of preliminary ideas u Combine ideas u Refine sketches u Develop simple computer models u Evaluate the merits of each design

12. A Six Step Design Process u Step Four: Refinement u Look at the most promising ideas from the previous step u Work out the details of each design u More sophisticated computer modeling (design visualization) u How will the proposed design interact with other systems? u How will the parts be made? u What materials will be used? u Rapid prototyping u Step Five: Analysis u Apply engineering and scientific principles to evaluate the design u Stress, fatigue, or wear analysis u Thermal analysis, etc.

13. A Six Step Design Process u Step Six: Implementation u Choose the best design based on results of the previous steps (refinement and analysis) u Documentation u Design drawings (needed for patent application) u Create working drawings (production drawings) u Technical illustrations u Build a prototype u Do thorough testing u Marketing u Production planning

14. A Six Step Design Process u Application: The garage door problem u Assignment: Write a “formal problem statement” addressing all the elements discussed in class u Begin discussions (brainstorming) about the problem and write a concise description of the problem u Come to lab prepared to continue this process u Read the assigned section in your text for this week u Review your class notes