1. The Greek City-States 4-1
Main Idea: The polis or city-state was the central focus of Greek life. The citizens of a polis had defined rights and responsibilities, as well as a strong identity and loyalty that kept the city-states divided.
The Greek City-States
4-1

3. Polis: The Center of Greek Life
Polis: city-state and surrounding country-side. Center of political, social, and religious activities
People who share a common identity and common goal
How might the independence of city-states work against them?
Acropolis: main gathering place, usually a hill. Fortified in case of attack. Religious center-temples/public buildings
Agora: open area below acropolis. People can assemble also used as a market.

4. Military Hoplites: heavily armed infantry soldiers, or foot soldiers.
Round shield
Short sword
Thrusting spear
Marched as a battle unit (rectangle)
Phalanx: unit marched into battle, shoulder to shoulder
Wall of shields for protection
Hard for enemy to harm them

5. Critical Thinking Skills
Open to page 113
Look at the image of Ancient Athens
Answer the questions which relate

6. Greek Expansion Between 750 B.C.E-550 B.C.E Greek Colonies
Greeks leave their homeland
Overpopulation
Greek Colonies
Southern Italy, Southern France, Eastern Spain, Northern Africa West of Egypt
Thrace, Shores of Black Sea
Hellespont and Bosporus straits
Byzantium (Constantinople) (Istanbul)
What were the results of Greek colonization?

8. Geography Skills Open up to page 115
Answer the questions which relate to the map.

9. Tyranny in the City-States
Tyrants: rulers who seized power by force from aristocrats
Not necessarily oppressive
Supported by newly rich merchant class and peasant classes
Launched public work projects and tried to help the poor
Market places, temples, and walls
Why did tyrants embark on public building projects?
Democracy: government by the people or rule of the many
Oligarchy: Rule by the few

10. Two Rival City-States
Sparta: Aggressive military city-state on Peloponnesus peninsula
Conquered Laconians and Messenians - made these people into Helots: conquered serfs
Highly disciplined
Military schools
Spartan women have greater freedom, power, movement
Uphold values of Sparta
“come back caring your shield or on it.”
Oligarchy
Two kings
Ephors: group of 5 men elected each year, responsible for education and conduct of all citizens
Council: 28 citizens over 60 years of age- decided on issues presented to
Assembly: male citizens voted on issues

11. Two Rival City-States
Athens: Located on the Attica peninsula, ruled by a King, Oligarchy, and finally a Democracy
Council: 500 free Athenians
Supervised foreign affairs
Treasury
Proposed laws