1. Robert Ponzio Chair, Fine Arts Oak Hall School Gainesville, FL “Journey Through Space” What the Kangxi and Qianlong Southern Inspection Tour Scrolls reveal about Chinese and Western Conceptions of SPACE

2. Website studies Qing Dynasty History and Culture by examining Southern Inspection Tour scrolls commissioned by Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong

3. Kangxi Emperor Reigned 1662-1722 Portrait of the Kangxi Emperor as a Young Man, Anonymous The Manchus were foreigners who established the Qing Dynasty after conquering the Ming.

4. T raditional Western Depictions of Space Concerned with reproducing how the eye sees Image has fixed edges Organized based on receding vanishing points Artist controls viewer vantage point One Point Perspective System Gentile Bellini’s “Procession in Piazza San Marco”, 1496

5. Traditional Chinese Depiction of Space Artist Wang Hui’s hand scrolls utilize traditional Chinese depictions of space.

6. The Hand Scroll Format

7. Traditional Chinese Maps: Experience of the journey is more important than Scale

9. Spatial Transition Point

10. Mist / Transition- Kangxi Scroll 7 Working with the traditional Chinese conceptions of shifting space, Wang Hui utilizes a thick fog to fade out from one scene to the next. This creative means of transitioning impressed upon the viewer the perception of the passing of time.

11. Elements of the landscape and architecture are subtly revealed as they peak out of the mist, allowing the viewer to gain a sense of traveling over a great distance. As the mist ultimately disappears, we then find ourselves in the next town. Mist / Transition- Kangxi Scroll 7

12. Wang Hui shows travelers disappearing into the mist as they embark upon a long journey… Mist / Transition- Kangxi Scroll 3

13. …they eventually reappear after an immeasurable passage of time and distance. Mist / Transition- Kangxi Scroll 3

14. Qianlong Emperor Reigned 1736-96 Inauguration Portrait of Qianlong (Detail) Giuseppe Castiglione (Lang Shining), 1736 Expansion of Qing Empire

15. T he Qianlong Scrolls: Showing Western Influence Giuseppe Castiglione Giuseppe Castiglione (Lang Shih-ning) 1688-1766 Giuseppe Castiglione Giuseppe Castiglione (Lang Shih-ning) 1688-1766

16. Qianlong Emperor as the Bodhisattva Manjusri (Detail), face by Giuseppe Castiglione (Lang Shining)

17. Giuseppe Castiglione, (Lang Shih-ning), 1688-1766 Introduces The Vanishing Point

18. Influence of Western Perspective in Qianlong Scrolls Qianlong Scroll Number 4 by Xu Yang

19. More concerned with reproducing how the eye sees than in Kangxi scrolls. Xu Yang maintains consistent vanishing points throughout duration of scroll. Qianlong Scroll Number 4 by Xu Yang

20. Figures diminish in size and number limiting information available to viewer. Qianlong Scroll Number 6 by Xu Yang