1. States of Consciousness

2. Altered State of Consciousness
Consciousness consists of all the sensations, perceptions, memories, and feelings you are aware of at any instant.
Waking Consciousness
Altered State of Consciousness
Other causes of ASC is sensory overload, monotonous stimulation, unusual physical conditions, and sensory deprivation.
                                                            

3. Freud believed there to be four levels of consciousness
Nonconscious
Preconscious
Subconscious
Unconscious

4. Biological Rhythms
Annual Cycles: seasonal variations (bears hibernation, seasonal affective disorder)
28 day cycles: menstrual cycle.
24 hour cycle: our circadian rhythm
90 minute cycle: sleep cycles.

5. Daydreaming
Becoming withdrawn from external environment. Submerged into a fantasy world.
Why do we daydream?
To make plans, worry, relieve boredom, personal fantasies, and evaluating activities

6. Sleep is an innate biological rhythm that cannot be sidestepped.
A microsleep is a brief shift in brain activity to brain activities normally recorded during sleep.

7. Sleep Patterns: The normal range of sleep
Short Sleepers- 8% of population
Long Sleepers- 8%
Majority need 7-to 8- hours-per-night

8. Stages of Sleep
Two types of sleep were first labeled in 1953 by Eugene Asernisky. Reported that during sleep there were two distinct eye movements
REM-awaken, reported dreams
NREM-awaken, rarely reported dreams
NREM stages of sleep are called stages 1,2,3, and 4.
REM sleep is called dream or active sleep

10. The sleep cycle takes about 90 minutes
The sleep cycle takes about 90 minutes. Complete around 5 cycles in an 8 hour sleep.

11. REM SLEEP
During dreaming, eye movement is the only part of body moving.
REM behavioral Disorder is when individual is not paralyzed during REM Sleep.
Sleepwalking occurs during NREM.

12. Is Sleep Necessary?
Six subjects deprived of sleep for 205 hrs. went through delusions and hallucinations. No long term effects were evident.
Why we need sleep
Conserve energy, restore depleted resources, clear the mind

14. Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea
Nightmare/Night terror
Sleepwalking
Restless leg
Bruxism

15. DREAMS

16. Catholics (Inquisition)
What do Dreams Mean?
Depends on who you ask.
Greeks (Aristotle)
Christians
Mohammed
Catholics (Inquisition)
                                                     
Native Martin Luther
Americans

17. Our Culture on Dreams
Dreams have been adopted as a synonym for “ideal” or “perfect”.
Dream Myths
Universal meanings
Dreams can’t predict illness.
All men’s dreams are sexual.
Remembering your dreams is always helpful

18. New Research from Hobson at Stanford

19. Why Do We dream?
Mental Reprogramming
Dealing with problems
Expression of unconscious
Manifest content
latent content
Why do we do this? (#3)
our dreams would be too upsetting or startling to get a good nights sleep.

20. Meditation

21. Requires intense concentration!
Zen Meditation “breathing”
Transcendental- “mantra”
Goal is achieve a relaxed state or religious experience.
Studies do show health benefits.

22. Hypnosis
1st popularized my Anton Mesmer in the late 1700’s.
Relaxed state lacking ongoing “Stream of Consciousness”
Induction Procedure
Post hypnotic
effect

23. Superhuman acts of strength
Effects of Hypnosis
Superhuman acts of strength
Memory
Amnesia
Pain Relief
Age Regression
Sensory Changes