1. Review Buddhism as Indo-European thought system Buddhism as Indo-European thought system Four noble truths Four noble truths – Pessimism and “kindergarten” Buddhism – Philosophical focus on Nirvana (Buddha-nature) Theory develops with politically natural split Theory develops with politically natural split – Mahayana and Theravada – How many can reach Nirvana?

2. To China Mahayana and Hinayana schism necessary Mahayana and Hinayana schism necessary – Importance for China Otherwise elitist, egoistic, mentalist and immoral Otherwise elitist, egoistic, mentalist and immoral Neo-Daoism, Dark Learning and Pure conversation Neo-Daoism, Dark Learning and Pure conversation – Vehicles for metaphysical parallels for Nirvana- 無 "Grade analysis" of sutras "Grade analysis" of sutras – Insights into paradoxes of Buddhism – More intellectual, metaphysical for “higher” level

3. Paradoxes Paradox of desire Paradox of desire – Leads to Boddhisattva ideal – With Zen wrinkle—all are Buddha:only lack realization Like Confucian all are Sages/Daoist all are natural Like Confucian all are Sages/Daoist all are natural Yogacara paradoxes Yogacara paradoxes – Individual achievement meaningless Karma and consciousness slices Karma and consciousness slices – Paradox of illusion = Buddha nature Aren’t the illusions real? Aren’t the illusions real?

4. Madyamika Paradoxes Contradiction and eventual silence Contradiction and eventual silence – Opposites, Both and, neither nor, repeat Daoist facilitated merging— 玄學 dark learning Daoist facilitated merging— 玄學 dark learning – Being and non-being  emptiness, Nirvana

5. Explain Peirce’s theory of belief and how to fix belief. Questions:

6. All is pure Buddha nature How does Madyamika get to Zen result? How does Madyamika get to Zen result? – Nothing is real but Buddha Nature Ergo Everything that exists is Buddha Nature Ergo Everything that exists is Buddha Nature The Illusions are Buddha Nature The Illusions are Buddha Nature – I am Buddha Nature – Flip side: illusions are Buddha-mind Storehouse consciousness Storehouse consciousness Everything is Buddha-nature Everything is Buddha-nature

7. Chinese Big Schools Tian-tai 天台 and Huayen 華嚴 for theory Tian-tai 天台 and Huayen 華嚴 for theory – 禪 Chan for practice! – 清土 Pure Land for populace Chan 禪 from Channa (=Dyana = meditation) Chan 禪 from Channa (=Dyana = meditation) – Paradox: rejects meditation – Daoist reversal meditation = everyday consciousness = Satori meditation = everyday consciousness = Satori – Logical development of Madyamika Everything is Buddha nature Everything is Buddha nature You are already Buddha You are already Buddha

8. Internal Story Hui Neng 慧能 and the Platform Sutra 六 祖 壇 經 of the 6th Patriarch Hui Neng 慧能 and the Platform Sutra 六 祖 壇 經 of the 6th Patriarch Illiterate woodcutter becomes 6 th patriarch Illiterate woodcutter becomes 6 th patriarch – Chinese Buddhist focus on line of transmission – No words and easy enlightenment Southern barbarian(?) hears and enlightened Southern barbarian(?) hears and enlightened Goes to temple Goes to temple

9. Never Allowed to Study Pounds rice, carries wood Pounds rice, carries wood Poem story: Competition of desert v learned Poem story: Competition of desert v learned – No dust to wipe from the mirror – No illusions to dispel – Kyoto Stories Enlightened before he went to the temple Enlightened before he went to the temple – Not from gradual study—Shen Xiu

10. Aftermath Leaves monastery to return to Guangdong mountains! Leaves monastery to return to Guangdong mountains! – Walking Zen – Throws away the robe signifying status Importance to spread of Zen (Chan) Importance to spread of Zen (Chan) – Cluster of sects concentrated in Southern China Cultural area v Northern Barbarians Cultural area v Northern Barbarians Tang idenity Tang idenity – South:North::Sudden:Gradual enlightenment

11. Background Cultural revolution against Buddhism Cultural revolution against Buddhism – Foreign, too intellectualized v practical native philosophies – Egalitarian tendencies Southern movement Southern movement – Internal reform of Buddhism along Daoist lines – Shift of center of Chinese intellectual culture Reassertion of Chinese characteristics and own form Reassertion of Chinese characteristics and own form Egalitarian, common sense, practical, Egalitarian, common sense, practical,

12. External Story Shen Hui (7 th ) the real influence Shen Hui (7 th ) the real influence – Vanquished Shen Xiu and Northern 禪 Chan Becomes 7 th patriarch Becomes 7 th patriarch 6 th may be a fiction(?) 6 th may be a fiction(?) Sudden v. gradual enlightenment Sudden v. gradual enlightenment – Cultivation to some goal v – Give up the goal!

13. Paradox of desire: Zen style! Give up desire for Nirvana first Give up desire for Nirvana first – Daoist view of desire/distinction Give up distinction of meditation/ordinary consciousness Give up distinction of meditation/ordinary consciousness – Enlightenment and ordinary practice – Dualism of Nirvana/Samsara – Buddhism (period)

14. Story of Shen Hui Exile and triumphant return Exile and triumphant return Story-telling skills Story-telling skills Politics and money Politics and money Authorship of the Platform Sutra Authorship of the Platform Sutra – Daoist Wang Wei hypothesis

15. Great Liberation Rush to claim descent from Hui Neng Rush to claim descent from Hui Neng Wide variety but Feng's 5 common doctrines: Wide variety but Feng's 5 common doctrines: – No (expressible) highest truth – Spiritual cultivation cannot be cultivated – In the last resort nothing is gained – There is nothing much in Buddhist teaching – In carrying water and chopping wood lies the wonderful dao

16. Iconoclastic Stories Function: like koans? Function: like koans? Burning or spitting on the Buddha Burning or spitting on the Buddha – Just wood (everything is Buddha) No temples, praying, bowing, shaving, begging, ritual, chanting No temples, praying, bowing, shaving, begging, ritual, chanting – Chan as Buddhist atheism – Survival in persecutions

17. Every Moment Zen Umbrella to left or right of clogs?

18. Doctor Story Zen is care for patients A Koan – meaningless Absorbed in care for patients and lost fear of death

19. The Strawberry Values of eating, drinking, sleeping Tiger and strawberry

20. Teaching Techniques Teaching Techniques Interview time—anti-metaphysical Interview time—anti-metaphysical – Spit, beat, shout, awaken! – Koan—give up – Walking Zen Never tell too plainly Never tell too plainly – Envy of Confucians

21. Final Jump Modern scientific philosophy Modern scientific philosophy – With a social model of language – Social cooperation rather than picturing the world Closer to Chinese/Nietzsche conception Closer to Chinese/Nietzsche conception Reality in the back door Reality in the back door – Science as a dao

22. Evolution and Utility Some ways of talking dominate, others die out Some ways of talking dominate, others die out – Science with the Nietzsche twist – A social way to survive and thrive Science: a system of "useful" beliefs Science: a system of "useful" beliefs – Natural framework—also anti-Plato and anti- Descartes

23. Belief Analysis Habits of action Habits of action – not internal pictures – Practical (practice) focus Successful or not: utility and survival Successful or not: utility and survival – Different interpretations of “success” – Peirce, Dewey, James