1. Yoshikoder & PCAD 2000 Michael Summers Johnny Sams

2. Yoshikoder

3. Basics Free open source content analysis software –developed as part of the Identity Project at Harvard’s Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Multilingual Works with documents in.txt form –ASCII, Unicode (e.g. UTF-8), or national encodings (e.g. Big5 Chinese).Unicode http://www.yoshikoder.org

4. Interface Simplistic interface Four page instruction book, so learn by doing

5. Dictionaries Can import from LIWC & others. Can also make your own. Recognizes wildcards

6. Options: Concordance When making your own dictionary, can run a concordance on the selected txt and check your entries

7. Options: Report/Compare Can report on: –Total word frequency –Frequency only of dictionary words –Will also ‘compare’ documents Reports can be exported into Excel

8. Comparison of three Tarantino movie scripts: Reservoir Dogs, Pulp Fiction, Jackie Brown

9. PCAD 2000 (Psychiatric Content Analysis & Diagnosis) Speech analysis software designed to test for a range of psychological variables and alert psychological professionals to signs of a variety of clinical mental illnesses (as outlined in the DSM-IV professional manual). Pioneered by Louis A. Gottschalk, M.D., Ph.D.

10. Analyzes Text Across Several Scales

11. What Do These Scales Mean? Anxiety Scale - Consists of six subscales: - Death: Fear of death and/or destruction - Mutilation: Physical injury - Separation: Abandonment, ostracism, loss of support, loss of love - Guilt: Adverse criticism, abuse, condemnation, moral disapproval - Shame: Ridicule, inadequacy, embarrassment, exposure of shortcomings, exposure of details of a person’s private life - Diffuse/Non-specific: Unidentified Hostility Scale - Consists of three subscales: - Hostility Directed Outward: Adversely critical, angry, assaultive, asocial impulses and drives towards objects outside oneself - Hostility Directed Inward: Self-hate, self-criticisms, anxious depression, masochism - Ambivalent Hostility: Destructive and critical thoughts or actions of others to the self…Also measures some inward and outward hostility Social Alienation-Personal Disorganization Scale: Disturbances in coherence and logicality of thought processes, withdrawal, avoidance, antagonism

12. What Do These Scales Mean? Cognitive and Intellectual Impairment Scale: Changes in cognitive and intellectual functions due to brain dysfunction and/or emotional changes in the individual. Hope Scale: Optimism Depression Scale - Provides a total score, but also consists of seven subscales: - Hopelessness: Hopelessness - Self-Accusation: Depression driven by guilt or shame, hostility directed inward - Psychomotor Retardation: Slowed movement, thinking, and/or action - Somatic Concerns: Physical disturbances or perceived physical disturbances - Death and Mutilation Depression: References to death or injury - Separation Depression: Abandonment, loss of support - Hostility Outward: Threats, abuse, or harm to others Human Relations Scale: Interest in and capacity for constructive, mutually productive, or satisfying human relationships.

13. What Do These Scales Mean? Achievement Strivings Scale: Levels of motivation towards achievement, frustration reactions Health-Sickness Scale: Distinguishes references to good and bad health and reports each separately, together with a combined measure of total references to health issues Quality of Life Scale: A composite of several other scales and attempts to represent a measure of the overall quality (positive or negative) of the subject’s life, as revealed in the sample.

14. How To Use PCAD Material to be analyzed should appear in a text file. Select the text file containing the speech in question and plug it in to the software. (Demonstration follows…)

15. File => Open...

16. Selecting A File For Analysis

17. File => Score

18. Select Types of Output

19. What was analyzed? Following is a snapshot of the text submitted for analysis. Johnny Sams was the volunteer used for this analysis. He recorded (and later transcribed) a verbal response to the question: “Tell me about yourself”. The text will be read out loud for your convenience.

20. Here is what was analyzed..

21. Standard Output

24. Analyses

35. Excel Output

36. What Does It All Mean? Moderately Elevated Shame Anxiety: Moderately elevated anxiety concerning “ ridicule, inadequacy, embarrassment, exposure of shortcomings, exposure of details of a person’s private life.” Slightly High Social Alienation/Personal Disorganization: Slightly high “ disturbances in coherence and logicality of thought processes, withdrawal, avoidance, antagonism.” Very High Health: Very high as relates to well-being. Moderately High Sickness: Moderately high as relates to sickness.

37. THE END!