1. Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 6
Muscular System

2. Muscular System
The body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue
It contracts and moves various parts of the body

3. Cosmetologists Limited to:
Voluntary muscles
Arms, hands, lower legs, feet

4. Myology
The science of the nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles

5. Muscle 600 muscles 40% of body’s weight
Fibrous tissue that have the ability to stretch and contract according to the demands of the body’s movements

6. Striated Muscles Skeletal or voluntary muscles Striped
Legs, arms, face etc.
Striped
What we work over and are concerned about
Attached to the bones and are controlled by will
Create heat and energy for the body during muscle contractions
Assist in maintaining posture
Protect some internal organs

8. Nonstriated Muscles Involuntary, visceral Smooth (not striped)
Diaphragm etc.
Smooth (not striped)
Function automatically, without conscious will, without thought or control
Found in internal organs of digestive and respiratory systems

10. Cardiac Muscle Involuntary muscle that is the heart
Not found anywhere else in the body

12. Origin Part of the muscle that does not move
Fixed attachment to a bone or ligament
Direction of movement is from the insertion of the muscle to the origin of the muscle

13. Insertion
Part of the muscle at the more movable attachment to the bone or ligament

14. Belly or Body
Middle part of the muscle

15. Muscle tissue can be stimulated by:
Massage
Electrical current
Light rays
Dry heat
Moist heat
Nerve impulses
Chemicals

16. Muscles of the scalp
Epicranius – broad muscle that covers the top of the skull
Occipitalis – back of the head
draws the scalp backward
Frontalis – front of head
muscle that raises the eyebrows
Draws the scalp forward
Causes wrinkles across the forehead

17. Superior – above
Inferior – below
Anterior – front
Posterior - back

18. Muscles of the ear Auricularis superior – Auricularis Anterior –
Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward
Auricularis Anterior –
Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward
Auricularis Posterior –
Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward

19. Muscle of Mastication (chewing)
Masseter –
Long broad muscle on the sides of the chin - in front of the ear, to aid in chewing
Temporalis –
Muscle on sides of head above the ear and behind the eyes to aid the masseter in chewing

20. Muscles of the Neck Platysma – Sternocleidomastoideus –
Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin
Responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip
Sternocleidomastoideus –
Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head

21. Muscles of the Eyebrow Corrugator – Orbicularis oculi –
located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi
Draws the eyebrow down
Wrinkles the forehead vertically
Orbicularis oculi –
Ring of muscle of the eye socket
Enables you to close your eyes

22. Muscles of the Nose Procerus Other – Covers the bridge of the nose
Lowers the eyebrows
Causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose
Other –
Nasal muscles contract and expand the opening of the nostrils

23. Muscles of the Mouth Mentalis Orbicularis Oris Elevates the lower lip
Raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin
Orbicularis Oris
Flat band around the mouth
Compresses, contracts, puckers and wrinkles the lips - kissing

24. Risorius Triangularis Zygomaticus
Muscle that draws the corner of the mouth
out and back as in grinning
Triangularis
Muscle extending alongside the chin
Pulls down the corner of the mouth
Zygomaticus
Muscles extending from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth
Elevate the lip as in laughing

27. Muscles that attach the arms to the body
Latissimus Dorsi
Broad, flat superficial muscle covering the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back
Controlling the shoulder blade and the swinging movements of the arm

28. Pectoralis major/pectoralis minor
Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm
Serratus Anterior
Muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm

29. Trapezius
Muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back
Rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm

32. Muscles of the Shoulder and Arm
Biceps
Two (2) headed muscle
Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm
Lift the forearm
Flex elbow
Turn the palms outward

33. Deltoids Large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint
Allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body

34. Triceps Three (3) headed muscle
Large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm
Extends the forearm

35. Forearm muscles Extensors Flexors
Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line
Flexors
Extensor muscles of the wrist
Involved in bending the wrist

36. Pronators
Muscle that turn the hand inward so that the palm faces downward
Supinators
Muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward

38. Muscles of the Hand Abductors Adductors Opponent muscles
Muscle that separate the fingers
Adductors
Muscles at the base of each finger that draw fingers together
Opponent muscles
Muscles in the palm that act to bring the thumb toward the fingers

40. Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Bends the foot up and extends the toes
Tibialis Anterior
Covers the front of the shin
Bends the foot upward and inward

41. Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Covers the outer side of the calf
Inverts the foot
Turns it outward
Peroneus Brevis
Originates in the lower surface of the fibula
Bends the foot down and out

42. Gastrocnemius Soleus Attached to the lower rear surface of the heel
Pulls the foot down
Soleus
Originates in the upper portion of the fibula
Bends the foot down

44. Muscles of the Foot Extensors Digitorum Brevis Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Brevis
Abductor
Muscles move the toes and help maintain balance while walking and standing