1. The Celts By: Amber Martin

2. Describing Celts Emotional, passionate, heroic, wild, and drunken Emotional, passionate, heroic, wild, and drunken Sensual, artistic, hospitable, instinctual Sensual, artistic, hospitable, instinctual Proud, inventive, battle-loving Proud, inventive, battle-loving They were farmers and traders and also did some They were farmers and traders and also did someAgriculture They traded metals, salt, They traded metals, salt, Pottery, glass and coin ornaments

3. Family The family was known as a clann The family was known as a clann Extended family of generations Extended family of generations Group members were responsible for everyone in the clann Group members were responsible for everyone in the clann They lived in huts that were made from arched timber with walls made of They lived in huts that were made from arched timber with walls made of wicker and thatched roofs

4. Education “Beul aithris” (oral tradition) was passed down by grandparents, aunts, uncles, parents, foster parents “Beul aithris” (oral tradition) was passed down by grandparents, aunts, uncles, parents, foster parents Children would be raised by another family “foster parents” to get educated in a certain trade Children would be raised by another family “foster parents” to get educated in a certain trade Foster parents were usually the brother of the birth-mother Foster parents were usually the brother of the birth-mother

5. Hospitality When the clann had guests, they would have to do the best they could When the clann had guests, they would have to do the best they could Guests would make an offering Guests would make an offering Guests would be expected to sing, play a tune, or tell a tale Guests would be expected to sing, play a tune, or tell a tale

6. Marriage and Women The oaths are the only religious part of marriage which are specified by the marriage contract The oaths are the only religious part of marriage which are specified by the marriage contract Women were equal to men Women were equal to men They could own property, choose own husbands, and be war leaders They could own property, choose own husbands, and be war leaders They also had an equal part in putting together the marriage contract They also had an equal part in putting together the marriage contract

7. Religion Believe in the “otherworld” Believe in the “otherworld” A metaphor is the image of the dangerous journey on the sea A metaphor is the image of the dangerous journey on the sea Their lives were a dangerous journey toward death Their lives were a dangerous journey toward death The circle on the cross is the halo of the Christ figure The circle on the cross is the halo of the Christ figure They built monastic communities in a circular design They built monastic communities in a circular design

8. Religion continued The communities were intended to be lived in communion with the earth, the sea and the Creator The communities were intended to be lived in communion with the earth, the sea and the Creator “For the Celtic saints, the earth is the Lord’s and the fullness thereof, first and foremost, not something to be owned “For the Celtic saints, the earth is the Lord’s and the fullness thereof, first and foremost, not something to be owned or dominated by anyone”

9. Celtic Sacrifice They believed in life after death They believed in life after death“otherworld” To be killed or to kill was not thought To be killed or to kill was not thought of as a negative act It would give honor to the victim It would give honor to the victim If crops were failing or animals were falling to disease they would offer human blood to insure health of the population If crops were failing or animals were falling to disease they would offer human blood to insure health of the population Human sacrifices were made to insure a successful battle Human sacrifices were made to insure a successful battle They would be buried with jewelry to take to the otherworld They would be buried with jewelry to take to the otherworld

10. Sacrifice In battle they would cut peoples heads off and carry it around. They were trophies to them, which symbolized courage and valour In battle they would cut peoples heads off and carry it around. They were trophies to them, which symbolized courage and valour “The sacrificed individual would be stabbed in the back or the chest, and then studied, as the moment of death was the point in which the earthly world of the profane meets the sacred otherworld. The message would then be returned to the examiners in the ways in which the dying would pass on.” “The sacrificed individual would be stabbed in the back or the chest, and then studied, as the moment of death was the point in which the earthly world of the profane meets the sacred otherworld. The message would then be returned to the examiners in the ways in which the dying would pass on.”

11. Druids Druids “very knowledgeable one” were important to the celtic culture Druids “very knowledgeable one” were important to the celtic culture They could stop a battle They could stop a battle Responsibilities included: teaching the religious doctrine, medicine, civil justice, sacrifice, divination, and care of temples Responsibilities included: teaching the religious doctrine, medicine, civil justice, sacrifice, divination, and care of temples To become a druid, school would take up to 20 years because it all had to be memorized To become a druid, school would take up to 20 years because it all had to be memorized They performed animal and human sacrifices and practiced divination and other forms of magic They performed animal and human sacrifices and practiced divination and other forms of magic

12. Nobility “The King or Queen was the central part of the social structure.” “The King or Queen was the central part of the social structure.” “They were responsible for harmony between the tribe and the land, and also for the prosperity of the tribe.” “They were responsible for harmony between the tribe and the land, and also for the prosperity of the tribe.”

13. Collectivist culture Collectivist culture Power distance –high Power distance –high Feminine culture “care for their clann” Feminine culture “care for their clann” Uncertainty avoidance – low (women have their choice of husband) Uncertainty avoidance – low (women have their choice of husband)

14. References McCarthy, J., & Hague, E. (2004). Race, nation, and nature: The cultural politics of “Celtic” identification in the american west. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94(2), 387-408. McCarthy, J., & Hague, E. (2004). Race, nation, and nature: The cultural politics of “Celtic” identification in the american west. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94(2), 387-408. Santmire, P. (2000). Celtic saints and the ecology of death. A Journal of Theology, 41(4), 302-309. Santmire, P. (2000). Celtic saints and the ecology of death. A Journal of Theology, 41(4), 302-309. Gaelic Celtic Culture. 10-5-05. http://homepage.tinet.ie/~kthomas/gaelic/gaelic1.htm Gaelic Celtic Culture. 10-5-05. http://homepage.tinet.ie/~kthomas/gaelic/gaelic1.htm http://homepage.tinet.ie/~kthomas/gaelic/gaelic1.htm Celtic Britain. The Iron age. 600 bc – 50 ad. 10-5-05. http://www.britainexpress.com/History/Celtic_Britain.htm Celtic Britain. The Iron age. 600 bc – 50 ad. 10-5-05. http://www.britainexpress.com/History/Celtic_Britain.htm http://www.britainexpress.com/History/Celtic_Britain.htm Mckinnon, S. Celtic Sacrifice. 10-5-05. http://gallery.sjsu.edu/sacrifice/celt.html Mckinnon, S. Celtic Sacrifice. 10-5-05. http://gallery.sjsu.edu/sacrifice/celt.html http://gallery.sjsu.edu/sacrifice/celt.html Druids. 10-16-05. http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/druids Druids. 10-16-05. http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/druids http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/druids Powell, T. G. E.(1983). The Celts. New York: Thames & Hudson. Powell, T. G. E.(1983). The Celts. New York: Thames & Hudson. Green, M. J. (1995). The Celtic World. New York: Routledge. Green, M. J. (1995). The Celtic World. New York: Routledge.