1. Deadly life and death description My own experience Confidence vs. Capability in Human Behavior

2. Accidents, Fatalities, and rates 1989-2011 NORTH AMERICA Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEvents FatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1Delta Airlines16.510.021996-4.421 2Southwest Airlines15.7800None-4.252 3Northwest Airlines10.9110.181993-2.763 4 Continental Airlines/Cont. Exp.12.06111991-2.244 5Air Canada3.9900-1983-1.077 6American Airlines1754.042001-0.5315 7 Alaska Airlines/Horizon Air5.2112000-0.420 8US Airways13.453.261994-0.3521 9Hawaiian Airlines1.2700None-0.3422 10American Eagle11.232.721994-0.2927 11United Airlines13.6663.422001-0.2632 12JetBlue Airlines0.9200None-0.2533 13WestJet0.8700None-0.2334 14USAir Shuttle0.8500None-0.2335 15Midwest Airlines0.7500-1985-0.238 16ATA Airlines0.5700None-0.1543 17United Express8.7932.6719960.364 18AirTran Airways1.841119960.567 19Comair5.032220060.6570

3. EUROPE Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEvents FatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1Lufthansa7.8810.021993-2.15 2British Airways5.4900-1985-1.486 3Iberia Airlines3.7300-19859 4KLM /KLM Cityhopper2.8110.091994-0.6711 5 SAS Scandinavian AL/SAS Norway5.83112001-0.5713 6Finnair1.9800-1963-0.5316 7RyanAir1.9600None-0.5318 8EasyJet1.6300None-0.4419 9Aer Lingus1.2500-1968-0.3423 10Tap Air Portugal1.0900-1977-0.2928 11Austrian Airlines100-1960-0.2730 12Air Europa0.7100None-0.1940 13 Malev-Hungarian Airlines0.6400-1977-0.1742 14Icelandair0.5500-1951-0.1544 15 JAT Yugslovian Airways0.3800-1973-0.146 16 Virgin Atlantic Airways0.2400None-0.0652 17British Midland1.7110.41989-0.0653 18Transaero Airlines0.1500None-0.0456 19 Ukraine International Airlines0.1200None-0.0357 20Alitalia3.78111990-0.0258 21Air France6.1531.9620000.3165

4. ASIA - AUSTRALIA Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEventsEventFatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1All Nippon Airways3.8800-1971-1.048 2Japan Air Lines2.6300-1985-0.7110 3Qantas Airways2.400-1951-0.6512 4Hanin Airlines1.2200None-0.3324 5Air New Zealand1.1500-1979-0.3125 6Cathy Pacific Airways1.0200-1972-0.2729 7Malaysia Airlines3.1910.651995-0.2136 8Virgin Blue0.7300None-0.239 9Philippine Air Lines0.9220.071994-0.1841 10Air India0.4800-1985-0.1345 11Dragon Air0.3200None-0.0949 12Air China2.4910.7720020.159 13Asiana Airlines1.5210.6219930.2163 14China Southern Airlines3.5121.5119970.5769 15Korean Air2.4131.319970.6571 16Garuda Indonesian1.5231.1620070.7573 17 Thai Airways International1.7821.4519980.9776

5. Asia (Cont’d) 18 Singapore Airlines/SilkAir1.3421.520001.1478 19China Eastern Airlines2.5231.8620041.1879 20 Indian Air Lines1.742.119991.6488 21 Pakistan International Airlines1.183320062.6886 22 China Airlines0.7654.7220024.5288

6. SOUTH/CENTRAL AMERICA - MEXICO-CARIBBEAN Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEventsEventFatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1Aeromexico2.0800-1986-0.5614 2 Mexicana Airlines1.9700-1986-0.5317 3 Aerolíneas Argentin as0.9900-1970-0.2731 4Air Jamacia0.3800None-0.147 5Varig2.3510.7519890.1260 6 TACA Internati onal Airlines0.4420.2720080.1561 7 Lan Chile Airlines0.5420.3719910.1662 8 GOL Transpor tes Aereo0.941120060.7572 9 Avianca Colombia n Airline1.221.4319901.1177 10TAM2.0442.0620071.5182 11Cubana0.2474.2319994.1687

7. AFRICA - MIDDLE EAST Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEventsEventFatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1 South African Airways1.1100-1987-0.326 2 Emirates Airline0.7600None-0.237 3El Al0.3500-1955-0.0948 4 Kuwait Airways0.3100-1988-0.0850 5 Royal Jordania n Airline0.2900-1979-0.0851 6Air Zimbabwe0.1800-1979-0.0554 7Oman Aviation0.1800None-0.0555 8 Saudi Arabian Airlines1.961119960.4766 9 Royal Air Maroc0.621119940.8374 10EgyptAir0.8521.220020.9775 11Kenya Air0.3721.9420001.8484 12Iran Air0.7632.22002285

8. EXPERIENCE & TRAINING HEALTH & FLYING SKILLS SITUATIONAL AWARENESS SPATIAL ORIENTATION COCKPIT MANAGEMENT & ATTITUDE Knowing your limits of confidence & capability

9. COULD YOU BREAK THE CHAIN? FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURE DEPARTURE FROM SOPS COMMUNICATIONS AMBIGUITY UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES FIXATION OR PREOCCUFATION EMPTY FEELING OR CONFUSION

10. Error Chain Any accident is the result of a chain of errors/events. If the error chain is fixed or removed, the chain is broken then accident will not happen.

11. ※ Knowing Yourself Survivors Independent Critical Thinking Alienated FollowerEffective Follower Active Yes People Passive Sheep Dependent Critical Thinking (Kelly 1998) John Kelly, Subordinate Behavior Model. 1998 1.Sheep-Not active, not independent thinkers. If told what to do, they do it. 2.Yes People-Active in carrying out orders ／ direction. 3.Alienated Followers-Critical thinkers who have turned against the leadership. 4.Effective followers-Active but not yes people, point out mistakes, errors, omissions to the Captain, but with respect. 5.Survivors-Mediocre performers who shift into all quadrants to avoid making waves.

12. Problem & Conflict Behavior Model Assertiveness High Low Competing Avoidance Compromise Collaborating Accommodating Thomas Kilmann “ Problem & Conflict Behavior Model ”, 1992

13. Miscommunication You thought you understand what I said; but what bothers me is what you thought and heard is not what I meant at all. In this context, individual styles, body language, speech act patterns and grammatical styles all have their part to play and affect the communication. Because of these complexities, crew members need to be aware of and sensitive to the nuances of effective communication. Avoid any elements which constitute a barrier to effective communication

14. ※ Patterns of Leadership Leadership Styles Analytic Style Dictatorial Style Authoritarian Leadership Style Democratic Leadership Style Laissez- Faire Style Opinion- Seeking Style Range of Leadership Styles

15. Aspects of aircraft design that enhance safety Most aircraft disasters are the result of inappropriate action or actions carried out by the pilots involved - a process euphemistically known as "pilot error". Whilst the term "pilot error" is often seized upon by airline management, aircraft manufacturers and government aviation safety authorities to shift the blame for the disaster entirely onto the relevant aircrew (who are usually dead), it is often a gross over simplification of a far more complex situation.

18. Again, how safe is flying? In fact, the odds of dying on a commercial airline flight are as low as 9 million to 1! Keep in mind that about 95% of airplane crashes have survivors, so even if the worst does happen, your odds aren’t as bad as you might think.

19. Conclusion Accidents are always the result of several contributing factors, never of a single cause. Human behavior is an important factor in the aviation industry especially in the cockpit Only when all possible measures including human behavior fail, an accident can occur. Why not do our best to minimize such disaster?