1. AWS Fundamental Terms and Definitions
Learning to talk like a welder

2. Introduction
Fundamental terms and definitions used in the welding field
Communicate effectively with Supervisors, Engineers, Inspectors, your co-workers and ……your Welding Instructor. Need to know for Printreading for Welders
Demonstrating the knowledge and ability to communicate welding information in a professional manner may enhance your potential for career advancement.

3. Define - “Welding”
A joining process that produces coalescence of materials by heating them to the welding temperature, with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of filler metal

4. Define - “Welding”

5. Advantages: Joins all commercial metals
Most common method for joining 2 or more metals to make them act as one piece
Allows the production of a monolithic structure that is strong in all directions
Is the lowest cost, permanent joining method.
Affords lighter weight through better use of materials
Can be used anywhere
Provides design flexibility

6. Base Metal
The materials to be joined

7. 5 Basic Joints
Butt Joint
Lap Joint
T Joint
Corner Joint
Edge Joint

8. 4 Basic Positions
Flat
Horizontal
Vertical
Overhead

9. Puddle
Molten pool of metal that forms when base metals reach welding temperature
Moved along the joint causing the base metals to coalesce forming a weld “bead”

10. Filler Metal
Metal added to the puddle to fill the joint

11. Stringer Bead
A weld bead formed with little or no oscillation of the source of energy

12. Weave Bead
A weld bead formed with exaggerated oscillation of the source of energy
Used to form a larger weld pool or bead

13. Penetration
Depth of fusion

14. Reinforcement
Filler metal extending above base metal

15. Types of welds Fillet Weld
Joins materials at approximately right angles
Has a triangular profile or section view
Example – T Joint

16. Types of welds Groove Weld
Joins materials by filling the space or “groove” between
Example – Butt Joint

17. Types of welds
Groove Weld
7 types

19. Types of welds Surfacing Welds Tack Welds Others
Used to change the dimensions or physical properties of
base metals
Tack Welds
Used to hold base metals in position
Others
Back
Backing
Edge
Plug
Slot
Spot
Seam

20. Types of welds
Others
Back
Backing
Edge
Plug
Slot
Spot
Seam

21. “Pass”
May refer to one bead or a layer of beads.

22. Single-pass
Refers to a joint made with a single weld bead

23. Multiple pass Refers to a joint made with more than one weld bead
Larger weld on top of smaller
Split Layer – uniform sized beads overlapped

24. Multiple pass

25. Parts of groove welds Root opening – space between base metal
Root face or “land” – flat spot used to control penetration
Groove or Bevel face – where weld interface occurs
Bevel angle – degrees of bevel
Groove angle or Included Angle – total of bevel angles

26. Parts of welds

27. Parts of fillet welds Legs – used to specify weld size
Face – side from which welding is done
Root – opposite the face – weakest point
Toe – where face intersects the base metal
Throat – gives the weld strength

28. Parts of welds

29. Welder Qualification “Certification”
Part of a Quality Assurance System designed to insure as much as possible that welds of sufficient quality are being produced
There is no certification that qualifies a welder for all types of work
Specific to process, metal, position, progression, etc
“Certified” welder has a document certifying that he or she produced a weld that met a specific standard or code.

30. Process Select a code (AWS, ANSI, API, CWB, etc)
Write a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
Qualify the WPS
Qualify the welder (welder performance qualification test)
Issue documentation

31. Test Positions