1. The Classical Era Chapters 7, 9, 10 Symphony Chamber Music Haydn Class Summary

2. ca. 1700 Origin: OPERA 3-mvt overtures called “sinfonias” Symphony Early 1700s Opera Sinfonias performed in concert halls without operas (very popular) 1740s sinfonias written as separate works NO associated opera 4th mvt added Voila!!! Symphony

3. Typical symphony format MOODTEMPOFORMKEY Mvt 1seriousfastsonatatonic Mvt 2calm,slowsonata,NOT tonic expressiveth & var, ABA Mvt 3dance-likemoderateminuet &tonic or scherzoor fasttrio Mvt 4lighterfastsonata ortonic sonata-rondo Mvt 1

4. Chamber Music Small ensembles; 1 player/part No conductor For players’ enjoyment as much as listeners’ Filler of leisure time (entertainment!) String quartet = most popular

5. Haydn patronage w/ Esterhazys large output, much variety 104 symphonies many string quartets, serenades, masses, concertos, sonatas, etc. developed orchestra standardized instrumentation discovered new tone colors thru various combinations of strings, woodwinds, brass developed the symphony (genre) lengthened it experimented with sonata form development procedures

6. Instrumentation — like a recipe, includes ingredients and quantity Brass Quintet trumpet 1 trumpet 2 horn trombone tuba String Quartet violin 1 violin 2 viola cello Small Orchestra 2 flute 2 oboe 2 clarinet 2 bassoon 2 horn 2 trumpet 1 timpani 8 violin 1 6 violin 2 4 viola 4 cello 3 contrabass Large Orchestra 1 piccolo 3 flute 3 oboe 1 english horn 4 clarinet 3 bassoon 1 contrabassoon 4 horn 3 trumpet 3 trombone 1 tuba 1 timpani 2 percussion 18 violin 1 16 violin 2 10 viola 10 cello 8 contrabass 2 harp Concert Band 6 flute/piccolo 2 oboe 4 clarinet 1 5 clarinet 2 5 clarinet 3 2 bass clarinet 2 bassoon 4 horn 3 trumpet 1 2 trumpet 2 2 trumpet 3 2 trombone 1 2 trombone 2 2 trombone 3 2 euphonium 4 tuba 1 timpani 4 percussion Woodwind Quintet flute oboe clarinet horn bassoon

7. Class Summary: Symphony--an opera spin-off (explain) Why is “chamber” music so named? Why might it be said that Haydn and Esterhazy enjoyed a symbiotic relationship? What were the “perks” for each? What term is used for this IMP 18 th C institution? What aspects of Haydn’s work at Esterhaza made it possible for him to “experiment” with orchestra development?