1. CUPGA - CTAA SMA in Québec D. Perraton, M. Meunier and M. Paradis (MTQ) LUCREB / ÉTS November 2004

2. Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Summarize 1. SMA history in Québec 2.On going project : MTQ-LUCREB A.Phase I : Production investigation – Test road I  Mixes stability evaluation  In site compaction efficiency B.Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Test road II  Reflective cracking in overlay 3.Conclusions

3. History of SMA in Québec Perraton, Meunier, Paradis  First try of SMA mix in Québec have been done in 1990… first application in the North America  MÉDIFLEX used in overlay  During 5 years many test roads were done … The last project was 18 km long!  A major reform in the Asphalt mix formulation approach in Québec, delay the implementation process of SMA  2001 – 2004, MTQ, in collaboration with the LUCREB-ÉTS, start a project on SMA formulation

4. On going project : MTQ – LUCREB Perraton, Meunier, Paradis  Targets : 1.Define SMA specification in accordance to the LC formulation approach  Define the V be  Define de N Design  In site compaction measurement under paving operation 2.Evaluate SMA performance to prevent reflective cracking in overlay  SMA application over a damage road structure

5.  Production stability of the SMA-mixes  Sampling on site  Site description  Characteristics SMA-mix  Compaction efficiency  Production stability of the SMA-mix  Laboratory investigation Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Phase I : Production investigation – Test road I

6.  RESULTS Perraton, Meunier, Paradis 1.SGC results 2.Coarse aggregate content 3.Filler content 4.Bitumen content Phase I : Production investigation – Test road I - Laboratory investigation

7.  A test road have been done on the Highway 20, East direction (Québec area)  Characteristics SMA-mix  Site description  Reflective cracking results after 2 years Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Test road II

8.  To formulate properly a 10mm NMAS SMA-mix, a discontinuity on the aggregate grading is required to avoid over dosage of filler Perraton, Meunier, Paradis On going project : MTQ – LUCREB Conclusions Max Discontinuity 5mm2,5 10mm GNM SMA Max 10mm GNM SMA  An optimal dosage of filler (passing 80  m) must be target in the SMA-mix formulation

9.  The dosage of raw materials must be well controlled on production within the following windows Perraton, Meunier, Paradis On going project : MTQ – LUCREB Conclusions Raw materialsSMA Coarse aggregate (retained 5 mm) +/- 1,0% Filler content+/- 1,0% Bitumen content+/- 0,1%

10. N Design 60 gyrations)  As far as we are concerned, the N Design value (60 gyrations) is an appropriate target for in site thin layer application ( layer : 30 to 50 mm)  Nevertheless, T°C of the mix for paving operation must be strongly respected  Also, the production process must be adapted:  Constant Feeding  More aggressive compaction process Perraton, Meunier, Paradis On going project : MTQ – LUCREB Conclusions TIMING!

11. Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Thank you

12. Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Characteristics Médiflex 1992 Germany 1980 VbeNo spec 5 mm sieve retain67% to 72%75% Passing 80  m sieve 7% to 10%9% to 12% Fiber contentAsbestosCellulose Bituminous content5,8% to 6,5%7,0 to 8,0% History of SMA in Québec Mix characteristics – Médiflex Formulation

13. Perraton, Meunier, Paradis CharacteristicsSMA Vbe13,5 % 5 mm sieve retain66,0% Passing 80  m sieve 8,1% Fiber content1,0% Bituminous content6,49% Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Mix characteristics - Formulation 0 -2,5 mm!

14. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Mix characteristics - Grading Perraton, Meunier, Paradis

15. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Mix characteristics – Rutting performance Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Mix type Voids % 100 300 10003000 10000200003000060000 SMA LABO 5,014,004,816,226,549,30 SMA CHANTIER 5,003,304,184,705,506,21

16. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Mix characteristics - TSRST Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Mix type Glass transition T g  (  C) Intersection T 1  (  C) δ (MPa) T u (  C) ESG-10-15,52-9,873,42-27,4 SMA CHANTIER -31,00-19,004,01-35,0 TgTg T1T1

17. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Mix characteristics – Complex modulus Perraton, Meunier, Paradis

18. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Test road site description  The test sections selected to evaluate the ability of SMA-mix to delay the reflective cracking in overlay was strongly damage  Test road section was splits into 15 sub-sections Perraton, Meunier, Paradis

19. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Test road site description Perraton, Meunier, Paradis  Pictures were taken for all sub-sections and the detail of the cracking network were drawn on a sheet to follow up the reflective cracking activities

20. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Reflective cracking after 1 and 2 years Perraton, Meunier, Paradis  To analyse SMA-performance, the cracking network of all sub-sections was quantified in accordance to 3 specific modes of cracking as define by MTQ Wheel Tracks In direction of the way Out of Wheel Tracks Transverse

21. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Reflective cracking after 1 and 2 years Perraton, Meunier, Paradis 1.Cracks in longitudinal side of the road  Cracks in the wheel tracks  Cracks outside the wheel tracks 2.Cracks in the transversal side of the road

22. 0,00 50,00 100,00 150,00 200,00 250,00 300,00 350,00 section Cracking rate (mm/m²) After 1 year After 2 yearsBefore Overlay Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Cracking - Transversale

23. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Cracking - In the wheel tracks 0,00 50,00 100,00 150,00 200,00 250,00 300,00 350,00 section Cracking rate (mm/m 2 ) After 1 year After 2 yearsBefore Overlay Perraton, Meunier, Paradis

24. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Cracking – Outside the wheel tracks 0,00 100,00 200,00 300,00 400,00 500,00 600,00 section Cracking rate (mm/m²) After 1 year After 2 yearsBefore Overlay Perraton, Meunier, Paradis

25. Phase II : SMA used in thin overlay – Status Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Out wheel track In wheel track Transversale

26. Phase I : Production investigation – Mix characteristics - Formulation Perraton, Meunier, Paradis CharacteristicsSMA Vbe15,8 % 5 mm sieve retain69,3% Passing 80  m sieve 13,5% Fiber content1,25% Bituminous content6,91%

27. Phase I : Production investigation – Mix characteristics - Grading Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Aggregates 0-5 mm Aggregates 0-2,5 mm Discontinuity SPEC VMA  …Filler  to fill up voids!

28. Phase I : Production investigation – Mix characteristics – Rutting performance Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Mix type Voids % 100300 10003000 10000200003000060000 ESG-104,992,472,883,464,494,524,775,00 SMA LABO 4,572,134,615,626,197,348,058,699,81 SMA CHANTIER 5,351,602,232,893,554,365,006,077,09

29. Phase I : Production investigation – Mix characteristics - TSRST Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Mix type Glass transition T g  (  C) Intersection T 1  (  C) δ (MPa) T u (  C) ESG-10-15,52-9,873,42-27,4 SMA CHANTIER -22,62-15,834,29-31,2 TgTg T1T1 PG70-28 PG58-28

30. Phase I : Production investigation – Mix characteristics – Complex modulus Perraton, Meunier, Paradis

31. Test road site description Phase I : Production investigation – Test road site description Perraton, Meunier, Paradis 2.Highway : High volume of trafic 3.Test road length of 200 meters 4.A production of 300 t of SMA-mix for the test road 1.Production investigation have been done on a new construction project

32. SMA-mix Production : Sampling on site Phase I : Production investigation – SMA-mix Production : Sampling on site Perraton, Meunier, Paradis  On site sampling have been done at two different places :  At the mixing plant  At the paving site – Directly in the paver

33. SMA-mix Production : Sampling at the mixing plant Phase I : Production investigation – SMA-mix Production : Sampling at the mixing plant Perraton, Meunier, Paradis  In purpose to well characterize the SMA-mix performance in laboratory, one specific batch was produced at the mixing plant  3 700 kg of asphalt 150 boxes were sampled

34. SMA-mix Production : Sampling at the paving site Phase I : Production investigation – SMA-mix Production : Sampling at the paving site Perraton, Meunier, Paradis  For each unloading truck in the paver, a sample of 20 kg of material was taken  15 trucks were sampled 50 boxes were sampled

35. SMA-mix Production : Lab Investigation Phase I : Production investigation – SMA-mix Production : Lab Investigation Perraton, Meunier, Paradis  Samples taken directly in the paver, were used to quantify production stability  Each samples were submitted to a series of test …for each truck load  SGC test (compaction behavior of the mix)  Bitumen content (Ignition oven)  Filler content (Water wash seaving analysis on the dried part of the ignition burn)  Coarse aggregate content (particles retained 5 mm sieve)

36. SMA-mix Production : Coarse aggregate content Phase I : Production investigation – SMA-mix Production : Coarse aggregate content Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Lower Limit Upper Limit

37. SMA-mix Production : SGC results Phase I : Production investigation – SMA-mix Production : SGC results Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Lower Limit Upper Limit Mean Value 7,0% +/- 1,25%

38. SMA-mix Production : Bitumen content Phase I : Production investigation – SMA-mix Production : Bitumen content Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Lower Limit Upper Limit

39. SMA-mix Production : Filler content Phase I : Production investigation – SMA-mix Production : Filler content Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Increasing the filler amount OPTIMAL DOSAGE! Take care : To much …will increase voids ! Lab test results Indicate +/- 1% is acceptable workability improvement Air voids 

40. SMA-mix Production : Filler content Phase I : Production investigation – SMA-mix Production : Filler content Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Lower Limit Upper Limit

41. Compaction efficiency Phase I : Production investigation – Compaction efficiency Perraton, Meunier, Paradis  In purpose to validate the N design – value, fixed at 60 N for the SGC-test, we follow up the compaction process under paving operations  Just after the first pass of compaction, following the paving operation, a paint mark was done on the surface  A first set of density measurements with a nuclear density gauge was recorded  For each additional roller pass, the density of the mix was measured again

42. Compaction efficiency Phase I : Production investigation – Compaction efficiency Perraton, Meunier, Paradis Localisation Target