1. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-1 PowerPoint to accompany Essentials of Medical Language 2e Allan, Lockyer Chapter 6: Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems The Essentials of the Language of Cardiology

2. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-2 Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems Lesson 6.1: The Heart

3. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-3 The Heart Location of the heart –size –shape

4. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-4 Abbreviations Define the following abbreviations: – CPR – CVT – ECG – EKG – SOB

5. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-5 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following root elements: – cardi – electr – pulmon – thorac

6. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-6 Word Analysis and Definition The following terms relate to the structure of the heart; identify their prefixes. –endocardium –myocardium –epicardium –pericardium

7. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-7 Word Analysis and Definition Change the following terms into the adjective form and define them: – endocardium – fibrosis – ischemia – necrosis – pericardium endocardial fibrotic ischemic necrotic pericardial

8. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-8 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following terms related to the blood flow through the heart: –atrium –ventricle –septum –bicuspid

9. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-9 Word Analysis and Definition Identify the prefix, root, and suffix of the following terms and define them: – interatrial inter- atri--al – interventricular inter- ventricul- -ar – semilunar semi- lun- -ar

10. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-10 Abbreviations Define the following abbreviations: – AV – IV – O 2 – CO 2

11. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-11 The Heartbeat The actions of the four heart chambers are coordinated. – systole – diastole – stethoscope – murmur

12. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-12 The Heartbeat Electrical properties of the heart – electrocardiogram

13. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-13 Word Analysis and Definition Explain the difference between the following sets of terms: – atrial and ventricular – bradycardia and tachycardia – sinus rhythm and arrhythmia – systole and diastole

14. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-14 Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems Lesson 6.2: Disorders of the Heart

15. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-15 Disorders of the Heart Abnormal heart rhythms – common arrhythmias 1. premature beats 2. atrial fibrillation 3. ventricular tachycardia 4. ventricular arrhythmia 5. heart block 6. palpitations

16. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-16 Disorders of the Heart Abnormal heart rhythms – pacemakers – implantable defibrillator – automatic external defibrillator © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Rick Brady

17. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-17 Word Analysis and Definition Give the term based on the provided definition: – unpleasant sensations of a rapid beat of the heart palpitation – restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock. cardioversion – uncontrolled quivering of the heart muscle fibrillation

18. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-18 Abbreviations Define the following abbreviations: – AED – ICD – PVC – A-fib – V-fib – V-tach

19. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-19 Disorders of the Heart Disorders of the heart valves – heart valve malfunction 1. stenosis 2. incompetence

20. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-20 Disorders of the Heart Disorders of the heart – artificial heart valves 1. prosthetic 2. tissue

21. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-21 Disorders of the Heart Disorders of the heart wall 1. endocarditis 2. myocarditis 3. pericarditis 4. cardiomyopathy 5. cor pulmonale

22. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-22 Word Analysis and Definition What relationship do the following sets of terms have? – pericarditis and tamponade – incompetence, insufficiency, and regurgitate

23. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-23 Disorders of the Heart Disorders of the heart – coronary artery disease 1. angina pectoris 2. myocardial infarction 3. cardiogenic shock 4. cardiac arrest

24. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-24 Disorders of the Heart Disorders of the heart – coronary artery disease 1. risk factors – heredity, age, obesity, lack of exercise, tobacco, diabetes, stress, high blood pressure KEYNOTE: All these risk factors, except heredity and age, can be reduced by changes in lifestyle.

25. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-25 Abbreviations Define the following abbreviations: –CAD –ASHD –MI –NTG –PNB

26. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-26 Word Analysis and Definition Describe the differences in the following sets of terms: – occlude and perfuse – sublingual and substernal – arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

27. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-27 Disorders of the Heart Disorders of the heart – hypertensive heart disease – congestive heart failure – congenital heart disease

28. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-28 Disorders of the Heart Congenital heart disease 1. atrial septal defect 2. ventricular septal defect 3. patent ductus arteriosus 4. coarctation of the aorta 5. tetralogy of Fallot

29. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-29 Word Analysis and Definition Identify the word elements and define the following terms: – hypertension – hypotension – prehypertension

30. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-30 Word Analysis and Definition Identify the following abbreviations: – ASD – VSD – CHD – CHF – Hg – HTN – PDA – SOB – TOF

31. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-31 Cardiologic Investigations and Procedures Blood tests – lipid profile cholesterol lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) triglycerides

32. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-32 Cardiologic Investigations and Procedures Diagnostic tests –electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) –cardiac stress testing –echocardiography –Holter monitor –ambulatory blood pressure monitor –magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) –cardiac catheterization –coronary angiogram

33. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-33 Cardiologic Investigations and Procedures Treatment procedures – thrombolysis – percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty – stent placement – coronary artery bypass surgery

34. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-34 Cardiologic Investigations and Procedures Treatment procedures – cardioversion – defibrillation – heart transplant

35. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-35 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following combining forms: – ech/o – cutan/e – thromb/o - scler/o - arteri/o - idi/o - angi/o - ven/o

36. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-36 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following suffix elements: – gram – plasty – ize – ous – tic – ide

37. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-37 Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems Lesson 6.3: Circulatory Systems

38. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-38 Word Analysis and Definition Describe the difference between the following sets of terms: – artery vs. vein – angiogram vs. venogram – pulmonary circulation vs. systemic circulation

39. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-39 Circulatory System Functions of the circulatory system: – transport – maintain homeostasis – regulate blood pressure

40. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-40 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following root elements: – brachi – ven/a – palpat – capill

41. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-41 Word Analysis and Definition Where in the body would you find the following vessels? – radial artery – temporal artery – cartoid artery – femoral artery – brachial artery

42. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-42 Circulatory Systems Circulatory disorders – disorders of veins © Dr. P. Marazzi / Photo Researchers Inc.

43. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-43 Circulatory Systems Circulatory disorders – disorders of arteries 1. aneurysm 2. thromboangiitis obliterans 3. Raynaud disease 4. carotid artery disease

44. Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display 6-44 Word Analysis and Definition Identify the root elements and then define the term: – collateral – endarterectomy – phlebotomist – sclerose – edematous later arter phleb/o scler edema