1. Provenance in a Collaborative Bio-database RAASWiki Donald Dunbar & Jon Manning Queen’s Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Use Cases for Provenance April 20th 2009

2. Provenance in Bio-databases including RAASWiki Donald Dunbar & Jon Manning Queen’s Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Use Cases for Provenance April 20th 2009

3. Plan bio-databases provenance RAASWiki collaborative knowledgebases

4. Biological databases Sequences – Ensembl, Entrez Structure – PDB Expression – GEO, ArrayExpress – Function – Gene Ontology – Interaction – MINT, BIND, KEGG – ‘Warehouses’ – GeneCards, IUPHAR – Literature – Pubmed

5. How do they handle provenance? Ensembl produces genome databases for vertebrates and other eukaryotic species, and makes this information freely available online. ‘Gene’ ID histories (with stable ID) Evidence for gene predictions Links to other databases (eg Uniprot)

6. How do they handle provenance? The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. Primary citation History: deposition and last update Raw data and protocols

7. How do they handle provenance? Gene Expression Omnibus: a gene expression/molecular abundance repository supporting MIAME compliant data submissions, and a curated, online resource for gene expression data browsing, query and retrieval.MIAME compliant Standards compliance (protocols, data…) Links within database (microarrays, protocols) Raw data and protocols

8. How do they handle provenance? The Gene Ontology project provides a controlled vocabulary to describe gene and gene product attributes in any organism. Evidence for gene annotation (experimental, computational) Links to original publications No versioning, just updates

9. How do they handle provenance? PubMed is a free search engine for accessing the MEDLINE database of citations, abstracts and some full text articles on life sciences and biomedical topics.MEDLINEdatabase Original source material, authors, abstracts Unique Pubmed ID (used by other databases) Continual updates (new papers), occasional retractions

10. How do they handle provenance? GeneCards® is a searchable, integrated database of human genes that provides concise genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, genetic and functional information on all known and predicted human genes. Lots of data from other databases IDs/keys from sources Lots of data integration based on IDs

11. How do they handle provenance? The IUPHAR database (IUPHAR-DB) integrates peer-reviewed pharmacological, chemical, genetic, functional and anatomical information on GPCRs, ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated-like ion channel subunits encoded by the human, rat and mouse genomes. Curated by experts Original sources plus curation provenance Suggested citations

12. Newer developments WikiGenes is the first wiki system to combine the collaborative and largely altruistic possibilities of wikis with explicit authorship. In view of the extraordinary success of Wikipedia there remains no doubt about the potential of collaborative publishing, yet its adoption in science has been limited. Here I discuss a dynamic collaborative knowledge base for the life sciences that provides authors with due credit and that can evolve via continual revision and traditional peer review into a rigorous scientific tool. but….

13. RAASWiki RAASWiki is a knowledgebase of information on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. While much of the seed data were derived from pre-existing databases such as KEGG and OMIM, supplementary data are included not easily available through such resources. This includes short textual reports on the genes involved, and more experimentally-oriented information such as animal models. Important biology - hypertension Automatic seeding of database (BioKB) Collaborative editing (Wiki based, useful functionality) Genes, publications, animal models, datasets…

14. RAASWiki – provenance Seeded data tagged with source database and date Edits are tagged with editor and date Comments are tagged: name and date Wiki functionality allows versioning and roll back Identifiers for source databases preserves provenance ‘Crowd wisdom’ will hopefully unsure good quality

15. RAASWiki – provenance issues How much detail (each edit, granularity, versions) ? Who will use provenance data? How much should we rely on sources for provenance? Annotation & comments v changing data Public v private data Different focus depending on data (who, when, confidence) Likely to become a big issue

16. What provenance to we need? Example: Gene expression in a transgenic animal gene annotation gene expression measurements public databasesoutput from machine processingintegration where, when which identifiershow when, what, how data mining what and how did we select genes …

17. What provenance to we need? Example: Curated gene database curation database links curator input archive contributor, date verify, add, delete, modify source, identifiers, dates Curated database versions, dates development schema & interface changes

18. Collaborative knowledgebases databases experiments knowledge knowledgebase papers

19. Collaborative knowledgebase provenance issues Confidence in data Tracking data to its (real) source When is something (knowledge) finished Citing of knowlegebase records Linking between knowledgebase records Published papers do not contain all information Some sort of dynamic publication

20. Conclusions In biology provenance is a mixed bag We use mainly static databases Usually source is clear but not much else RAASWiki contains static and curated data We have implemented a very rudimentary provenance scheme Collaborative knowledgebases will need to address provenance in new ways