1. Database Searching Finding Needles in Haystacks Robert Williams April 6, 2011 williamr@marshall.edu 691-1760

2. Searching Medical Education Literature Formulate a search Strategy Define Concepts as specifically as possible Group concepts logically Select database Consult Mesh Browser Thesaurus Select terms from Mesh that match original Concepts Conduct Search Login using Marshall U. specific codes Set up Personal Profile with MYNCBI Short cuts to use on entering terms Qualifying Terms Cross referencing terms and statements using Boolean operators Evaluating search Results Tactics to use when retrieval seems too small Tools to limit retrieval and increase relevancy Capturing, filtering, and sorting retrieval Getting Full-text Journal Articles Pubmed connection to IDS Online and Print holdings in Mu Periodicals List Obtaining Documents not held by MU Library Services Monthly SDI Requesting for a one time search or strategy advice Phone, email

3. Formulate a Search Strategy Define Concepts as specifically as Possible Group Concepts logically Select Database Consult Mesh Browser Thesaurus What is Mesh Select terms from Mesh that Match Original Concepts Go to Menu PubMed Resource Guide

4. Conduct Search Login using Marshall U. specific codes Set up Personal Profile with MYNCBI Short cuts to use on entering terms Qualifying Terms Cross referencing terms and statements using Boolean operators Use & for AND, Use | for OR Use Advanced Search Tips Go to Menu

5. Evaluating Search Results Tactics to use when retrieval seems too small Check for typos Newly introduced Heading Too many Cross references used Forgot to turn off limits. Apply Limits at end of search Tools to limit retrieval and increase relevancy Capturing, filtering, sorting. Clipboard Displaying Results Go to Menu

6. Getting Full-Text Articles Pubmed connection to IDS from “Send to” option Order Online and Print holdings in Mu Periodicals ListMu Periodicals Obtaining Documents not held by MU Request InterLibrary Loan 1-2 day Turn around – Patient Care 2 hours IDS offers online request. Electronic delivery is often possible in PDF format. Denise Smith  wardd@marshall.edu Go to Menu

7. Picking the Right Database What type of documents or resources are indexed? Disciplines: Education, Psych, Medical Journal List Format types: Journal Articles, Reports, Conferences, books, Dissertations. Scope: International? Which Languages? Current or retrospective? Database Comparisons What is PubMed Go back to Formulate

8. Databases Database Comparison ERICPsych InfoPubMed TypeBib + Full- Text Bibliographic DisciplinesEducationPsychologyBioMedical Coverage1966-1927-1948- Citations1.2 Million2.4 Million20 Million Journals6002,1505500 Other Materials All Pub Types Books & DissNone

9. Database Comparison Part 2 ERICPsych InfoPubMed ThesaurusERICTPITMesh AccessWeb – MUMUWeb Web LinksPublisher Sites Save Searches My EricMy EbscoHost My NCBI

10. Login for Marshall Users http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?holding=wvmuhslib&tool=wvmuhslib Marshall Holdings Icons are attached to citations in the Abstract Format Users can sent citations directly to Library for Article delivery without typing bibliographic info. Go to conduct a Search

11. MYNCBI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/myncbi/ Store saved search strategies Set filters Return

12. PubMed/Medline from NLM (National Library of Medicine) Introduction to Searching Robert Williams

13. What is PubMed? Bibliographic with Abstracts and Links to Full Text Comprehensive - Covers all Bio-Medical and Clinical topics  Over 5,500 Journals Indexed  20 Million Citations International – Indexes journals in 37 Languages Very Current – Updated Daily Tuesdays through Saturdays Goes way back – 1948 to Present Open to All – Free from NLM Go to Picking Database

14. What’s the difference between PubMed and Medline? Medline is a database which is searched by using many different public and commercial search engines. PubMed contains all of Medline, plus recently added entries that are in process to add MESH descriptors. Also contains non-biomedical citations from General Science Journals, Consumer Health Articles PubMed is both a database and a Web-based search engine.

15. National Library of Medicine Biomedical Indexing Timeline 1879 - 1st volume of Index Medicus Published 1964 - Medlars Automated database used to produce Index Medicus 1966 - Batch searching by specially trained Librarians 1971 - Medlars Online or Medline accessible 1986 - Grateful Med searched by Health care Professionals 1997 - PubMed on the Web 1998 – MedlinePlus offers consumer info 2000 - Clinical Trials made Web searchable

16. What is MESH (Medical Subject Headings)? A thesaurus that facilitates precise retrieval of relevant citations from the Medline and PubMed Databases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html Automatic truncation (Fragments) Trained specialists apply unlimited headings to citations. Headings can be weighted according relevancy. Trees, Scope Notes, Valid Sub Headings Go To Formulate a Search

17. Subject Searching PubMed Use any term, Automatic Mapping Qualifiers Limit by Fields [TI], [MH], [AB] in  [ Brackets] Subheadings CL EC ES HI LJ MA MT OG SN ST TD CL EC ES HI LJ MA MT OG SN ST TD Explosion is automatic unless you turn it off. Explosion Go to Conducting Search

18. TOO Much Qualifiers Fields TI, MH, in [brackets] Major Heading [majr] Subheadings /ed ed[sh] Subheadings Limits Language Years Human Review Go to Conduct Search Go to Evaluating

19. Advanced Search - History Go Here if you are lost Use # to refer to statement numbers Combine statements using AND OR NOT Operators Use & for AND | for OR Display Statement Results Preview runs faster than Search Go to Conduct Search

20. Verification Searching Starting with a “Known” citation Assume Errors Use Single Citation Search Any field can be searched Vol., Issue Number, Pages Important title words with Author Use Author’s Last name and one initial

21. Displaying Results Number of Citations per page (20 default, 200 Max) Format Summary (Regular and Text) Abstract (Regular and Text) Medline XML PMID List Sort Pub Date or Most Recent Added Author (First or Last) Journal Title Title of Article Send to Order E-Mail File Clipboard Go to EvaluatingGo to Evaluating

22. Clipboard Store citations up to 8 hours Deletes duplicates Use #0 to run clipboard contents against other statements Go to Evaluating

23. My NCBI  Can save search strategies to run at any time or schedule automatic execution.  Must be a single statement  Details is an easy way to update a saved search.  Collections providesstorage of Citations

24. Tips http://musom.marshall.edu/library/documents/tips.pdf Use Mesh if you find a term that matches your topic Most recent (@30 days) citations don’t have Mesh terms yet. Use multiple statements. Large complex statements usually have typos It’s easy to apply limits at the end of a search, but difficult to adjust a search when limits are on top. Use NOT operator with care [Bracketed] citation titles indicate articles are written in a foreign language. Go to Conduct Search

25. Obtaining Documents Check link provided by PubMed. Access may not always be granted Log In using URL from HSL Home Page http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/advanced?h olding=wvmuhslib Check MU Periodicals Request InterLibrary Loan 1-2 day Turn around – Patient Care 2 hours IDS offers online request. http://206.212.0.150/default.asp Electronic delivery is often possible in PDF format. Denise Smith wardd@marshall.edu

26. PubMed Vs. Google Pub MedGoogle Biomedical Haystacks onlyAll Haystacks Terms assigned by Human IndexersMachine created Controlled VocabularyCluster Analysis Mostly GrainMostly Chaff