1. ISSUES IN REGULATING AND SUPERVISING ISLAMIC MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTION IN INDONESIA: ITS POLICY DIRECTION AND REMEDIES UNDER THE NEW REGIME Akhmad Affandi Mahfudz Islamic Business School Universiti Utara Malaysia Presented at Roundtable Discussion: Regulatory and Supervisory Framework in Islamic Microfinance Organized by IRTI-IDB in collaboration with Sudan University of Sciences and Technology and Agricultural Bank of Sudan 18-19 March, 2014 Khartoum, Sudan

2. Content Introduction The Establishment of Financial Services Authority: New Regime of Regulation and Supervision for IMFI Issues in Regulatory Aspect of Islamic Micro Finance – The Legal Framework of IMFI – Government Policy – Regulation Related to Customer’s Deposit – Capital Adequacy Policy Direction and Remedies under the New Regime – Policy Direction – Strategies and Remedies towards Existing Problems Conclusion

3. Introduction Islamic micro finance in Indonesia Overlapping legality aspect in operation of IMFI The establishment of Financial Services Authority (FSA)

4. The Establishment of Financial Services Authority: New Regime of Regulation and Supervision for IMFI

5. SupervisionRegulationProtection

6. Issues in Regulatory Aspect of Islamic Micro Finance The Legal Framework of IMFI – The main foundation for operation of IMFI is Islamic Cooperative Financial Services based on regulation of Ministry of Cooperative 2004 – IMFI law differs with that of Islamic bank Government Policy – Risk management, rating agency, SOP, financial ratio etc

7. Regulation Related to Customer’s Deposit The existing law on deposit protection not sufficient to secure risk liquidity due to lack of supervision and monitoring by ministry of cooperatives

8. Capital Adequacy The implementation of capital adequacy requirement varies depending on the size of IMFI The policy remains ambiguous since there are many types of MFI operating under ministry of cooperatives

9. Policy Direction and Remedies under the New Regime Policy Direction – Definition of independent legal entities for IMFI – Establishment of IMFI as the main IMFI of all IMFI in Indonesia – Supervision of the IMFI conducted by an independent monitoring agency

10. Strategies and Remedies towards Existing Problems The need for a clear long term strategy i.e, blue print or architecture The law on Microfinance Institutions should be structured as an umbrella both for business practitioners and providers of funds. The government should have a database of Microfinance Institutions in Indonesia Integration of social approach to business development and finance with charity organizations

11. Systematic mentoring through collaboration with various stakeholders i.e, universities Improving the quality of human resources The existence of strategic knowledge in business. Paradigmatic aspects of development Horizontal and vertical network Intensive supervision Increase the number of IMFI Rating agency for IMFI

12. Conclusion There are many IMFI in Indonesia who encounters critical condition due to lack of legal basis, supervision and clear regulation. The new regime of FSA is the hope of legal reform, regulation and supervision of IMFI Issues in Regulatory Aspect of Islamic Micro Finance are; legal framework which states that IMFI has no independent law, government policy, protection for depositors and capital adequacy

13. In terms of policy direction, this paper concludes that the establishment of central IMFI in Indonesia is essential and urgent to oversee and monitor the performance of each IMFI just like the bank Supervision of the IMFI conducted by an independent monitoring agency and Fatwa