1. DWDM GMPLS Deployment Experience Joint Tech Workshop July 2007 George Frank, Ph.D. Infinera

2. 2 Infinera DTN: DWDM combined with Digital Switching  DWDM transport system that employs photonic integrated circuits (PICs)  OEO / Digital Processing  2.5Gb-granular switching  Proprietary framing, similar (but not equal) to G.709  Digital Monitoring (FEC, client payload)  Dynamic switching capability + ability to support mesh topologies  appropriate for GMPLS use

3. 3 IETF GMPLS applied to DTN Infinera Network DTN Amp  DTN supports the functions of IETF GMPLS RFCs (e.g., 3471) as they apply to Lambda (10G) or Digital Wrapper (2.5G) LSPs and Lambda- and Sub-Lambda- Switch Capable Interfaces  In-fiber (OSC) control channel Each of these (line-side) DTN interfaces is Lambda and Sub- Lambda Switch Capable Lambda / Digital Wrapper LSP

4. 4 DTN GMPLS Functions  Topology / Neighbor / TE Discovery and Distribution  Automated Optical Power/Gain Control  LSP setup & release  CSPF path computation with explicit routing  Diverse path computation  LSP recovery (restoration)  Service Level Management  (Sub-)Network-wide Alarms & Admin State  Regroom (Bridge & Roll) with minimal traffic disruption  UNI in general mesh topologies

5. 5 Key IETF GMPLS Standards ComplianceSpecification Supported internal to a DTN network, where applicable to a Lambda Switch Capable (LSC) transport network Interop Supported w) 3 rd party IETF RFC 3473, GMPLS Signaling: RSVP-TE: Extensions IETF RFC 3471, Generalized MPLS - Signaling Functional Description IETF RFC 3209, RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels IETF RFC 2205, Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) – Version 1 Functional Specification IETF RFC 3477, Signalling Unnumbered Links in RSVP-TE IETF RFC 2961, RSVP Refresh Overhead Reduction Extensions IETF RFC 4203, OSPF Extensions in Support of Generalized MPLS IETF RFC 4202, Routing Extensions in Support of Generalized MPLS IETF RFC 3630, Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPFv2 draft-ietf-gmpls-recovery-e2e-signaling-03.txt (now RFC 4872), RSVP-TE Extensions in support of End-to- End GMPLS-based Recovery draft-ietf-gmpls-recovery-terminology-05.txt, Recovery Terminology for GMPLS draft-ietf-l1vpn-ospf-auto-discovery-02.txt, OSPF Based L1VPN Auto-Discovery IETF RFC 4208, GMPLS UNI: RSVP-TE Support for the Overlay Model

6. 6 Advantages of Transport Network Intelligence / Control Plane  Network-is-master model (which ensures data integrity)  Automated topology discovery & circuit provisioning  Ease of Test & Turn Up  Extends Point & Click circuit provisioning  Automated restoration capability All of these can result in a reduction of operating & maintenance costs

7. 7 Deployment Challenges: Scaling  Deployed in several long-haul and regional mesh networks, each with 100+ DTNs  At some point, a single flat GMPLS domain reaches a node count upper limit. When it’s too large:  Route convergence or establishment of neighbor adjacency takes too long, or doesn’t stabilize  Control/Mgt-plane initialization takes too long  Thus Operations degrade  Several ways to deal with this:  Increase processing power & memory  Make code more efficient  Use multiple domains or areas and inter-domain / hierarchical techniques

8. 8 Deployment Challenges: Scaling  Decisions or issues involving the use of multiple domains:  Recovery mechanisms must address border node failures  Nested, stitched, or contiguous LSPs  Path (re-)optimization: end-to-end vs. per-domain  Distributed in NEs, or use PCE (centralized or distributed)  Confidentiality issues between network operators  Per-domain or backward recursive  Global Concurrent Optimization  IETF multi-domain framework & requirement RFCs already exist. Some specific protocols or protocol extensions (e.g., PCEP, RSVP-TE, OSPF-TE) are in I- D stage

9. 9 DTN GMPLS-Based Recovery Support  End-to-end recovery: the originating DTN detects a datapath fault, tears down the LSP, and re-establishes a new one avoiding the fault  Initial DTN releases & deployments: this is used primarily on transport paths that are already protected (to tight Availability SLA quality) at higher layers such as IP/MPLS or SONET/SDH  For operator convenience, to avoid manually establishing a new path  For resiliency to multiple faults  More work is needed to achieve tight (e.g., 50 ms) Availability SLAs

10. 10 Deployment Challenges  Simplifying Operations  Add minimally-disruptive reversion, both manual and automatic: use bridge&roll (make before break) techniques  Supplement with Network Planning: Automated Failure Analysis  Reducing Recovery Times & Scaling  Improve code efficiency  Pre-configure or pre-compute restoration paths  Perhaps pre-signal as well  Localize the procedure: use GMPLS segment recovery  Use inband overhead to rapidly signal fault location

11. 11 New Service Opportunities: UNI & L1VPN  Extends Transport Network Intelligence across a larger domain: extends  Network-is-master model (data integrity)  Automated topology discovery & circuit provisioning  Automated restoration capability to a multi-vendor, and potentially much larger, network. Further reduction of operations costs  Facilitates new applications & services:  L1VPN  Dynamic IP load balancing between routers  Multiple circuits to time-share same bandwidth (“Time of day” services)

12. 12 Reference Diagram for RFC 4208 GMPLS UNI: RSVP-TE Support for the Overlay Model edge nodes in one overlay network core nodes in one Infinera DTN core network Each of these (client-side) DTN interfaces is currently Fiber Switch Capable (FSC). In the future, DTN will support TSC and L2SC client interfaces

13. 13 UNI functions  Setup & explicit teardown of bidirectional LSPs: OC192/STM64, 10GbE LAN, OC48/STM16, GbE  Transparent service  Out-of-band (Ethernet) IP Control Channel  A Switched Connection (SC) setup via UNI is treated similarly to any other SPC (setup via GUI or TL-1). A few minor differences  DTN core network automatically advertises (within the DTN network only) reachable edge node addresses & port identifiers  Reachable address information is not passed over the UNI Future:  IETF peer model, ITU-T ASON E-NNI: advertise reachable addresses and topology

14. 14 L1VPN Customer Network Manager  Partitioned transport networks for supporting multiple virtual transport networks on a shared physical network  Applications:  Multi-layer TE optimization  Administration sub-domains  Customer L1VPN  Customer Network Manager provides customer network partitioned views  Secure Web-based access to customer data  Circuits & endpoints  Fault data: alarms  Performance Mgmt data EMS Infinera GMPLS Powered Network Cust A Cust B Cust A Cust B VPN View Cust A VPN View Secure web-based access

15. 15 L1VPN: Several Options & Levels Options:  Bandwidth packages: nx10G, 100G, and beyond  Interface can be channelized or not  Channelized interfaces allow finer-grained bandwidth management  GMPLS use is optional, for both provider and customer Levels (of customer access to the provider network): 1. Read-only CNM: display configuration, PM, alarms 2. Ability to provision, within limits  For example, changing the rate or payload but not the destination 3. Full flexibility to provision  Can be accomplished by management protocols or signaling/routing protocols (IETF GMPLS UNI / L1VPN, OIF OVPN)

16. 16 Thank You