1. Improving Transportation Systems Dan Work Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (CITRIS) dbwork@berkeley.edu

2. 2 Congestion Environmental impact Equity and accessibility Safety and security Aging infrastructure Emergency preparedness, response, and mitigation 21 st century transportation challenges [Transportation Research Board 09; EPA Green Book 10]

3. 3 Still lack basic ability to track the flow of goods and people across our infrastructure. Need improvements in real-time: –sensing –estimation –control –Systems integration 21 st century challenges will force a tighter integration between our physical transportation infrastructure and computing infrastructure How to meet these challenges

4. 4 The resulting transportation systems are “Cyber Physical Systems” (CPS) –CPS are characterized by tight coupling of and coordination between computational and physical resources –adds capabilities to physical systems that we could not feasibly add in any other way –Driven by the ubiquity of sensors and cheap computing Understanding these systems is truly a grand challenge across disciplines and domains Transportation cyber physical systems Internet sensor data information, control built environment [CPS Executive Summary 08]

5. 5 Cell phones are the world’s largest sensor network: –3 billion devices –Global coverage, human centric –Increasingly connected, programmable Understanding human mobility Wikipedia for the physical world –“First draft” of our interaction with the environment, in real- time –Crowd-sourced data –Participatory sensing –Information distribution

6. Mobile Millennium – traffic estimation with cell phones Partnership between UC Berkeley, Nokia, Navteq Caltrans, and US DOT SafeTrip 21 initiative Deployment of thousands of cars in Northern California Participating users download Mobile Millennium Traffic Pilot (available at traffic.berkeley.edu) on a GPS and java enabled phone Phones receive live information on map application

7. Mobile Century – proof of concept 7 Prototype System –Run Feb. 8, 2008 –Multi-lane highway with heavy morning and evening congestion –Ground truth: Loop detectors, HD film crew on bridges. –Rich data set for future traffic modelling and estimation research 165 UC Berkeley Graduate Student Drivers 100 rental cars 70+ Support Staff 165 UC Berkeley Graduate Student Drivers Accident delays

8. 8 BayTripper.org Real-time trip planning Leverage GPS etc for: Real time: next bus, train, metro Bike routes by ridesf.com Taxi integration Carshare (future) BayTripper – mobile multi-modal trip planning [Jariyasunaunt et al, TRB ‘10]

9. 9 Need to merge the timescales of internet innovation with the longevity of physical infrastructure –Platform for innovation and adaptability –Interoperability and portability –Enable national / global scale systems of systems Need reliable transportation CPS from unreliable components –Sensors will fail, will be attacked –Computing systems will have bugs and security vulnerabilities Designing transportation CPS [ CPS Executive Summary 08]

10. 10 Security: networked systems open up the potential for large, coordinated attacks on physical systems Privacy: need to monitor movements of goods and people without compromising privacy Security and privacy [Hoh Mobisys 08, KXAN 09]

11. 11 Transportation system improvements will come from innovations in merging physical infrastructure with computational infrastructure. Challenge is how to do this without compromising safety, reliability, security, and privacy. Requires collaboration between government, academia, and industry Concluding remarks