1. AP World History Chapter 12
The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties

3. Sui Dynasty Wendi Nobleman
Victory over Chen united traditional Chinese Core.
Built grain bins for storing grain.
Lowered taxes and built massive canals.
Leads nomadic leaders to control northern China
589, defeat of Chen kingdom
Yangdi Emperor (killed his dad and gets killed by his minister)
Established milder legal code
Upgraded Confucian education and restored examination system.
Extravagant living and building led to social upheaval. (plus making worn out soldiers go get Korea)
Sets up new capital at Loyang

5. Tang Dynasty Dynastic system saved by Li Yuan (Duke of Tang)
Son, Tang Taizong, is given throne next
Extended boarder to Afghanistan.
Continued the re-building of the Great Wall.
Moved capital to Changan
Re-building of the bureaucracy.
Aristocracy weakened
Confucian ideology revised
Scholar-gentry elite reestablished
Bureaucracy
Bureau of Censors
Examination system bigger than ever before
Ministry of Rites
jinshi

6. Confucianism and Buddhism
Confucianism and Buddhism potential rivals
Buddhism had been central
Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism popular in era of turmoil
Chan (Zen) Buddhism common among elite
Early Tang support Buddhism
Empress Wu ( )
Endows monasteries
Tried to make Buddhism the state religion
50,000 monasteries by c. 850

7. The Anti-Buddhist Backlash
Confucians in administration
Support taxation of Buddhist monasteries
Persecution under Emperor Wuzong ( )
Monasteries destroyed
Lands redistributed
Confucian emerges the central ideology

8. Tang Decline 755 CE, Revolts
Ineffective leaders (Empress Wei) (Xuanzong “hearts” Yang Guifei)
Frontier boarders raided
Corrupt government officials
907 CE, last Tang emperor resigns

9. Song Dynasty
Song founded in 960 C.E (Zhao Kuangyin aka Honest Abe who “collected books rather than booty”)
Zhao is renamed Taizu
Song unable to defeat northern nomads.
Song paid tribute to Liao
Founded by Khitan people/Manchuria

10. Song Politics Settling for Partial Restoration
Scholar-gentry patronized
Given power over military
The Revival of Confucian Thought
Libraries established
Old texts recovered
Neo-confucians
Stress on personal morality
Zhu Xi (apply philosophy to every day life)
Importance of philosophy in everyday life
Hostility to foreign ideas
Gender, class, age distinctions reinforced

11. Roots of Decline: Attempts at Reform
Khitan independence encourages others
Tangut, Tibet
Xi Xia kingdom
Song pay tribute
Wang Anshi (aka FDR
Confucian scholar, chief minister
Reforms
Legalist enthusiasm
Cheap loans/gov’t assistance
Taxed the scholars
Expanded military and agriculture
Tried to change education system
When his emperor dies, he is out

14. Southern Song Dynasty Jurchens defeat Liao in the North
1115, found Jin kingdom
Invade China
Southern Song Dynasty
New capital at Hangzhou
Southern Song Dynasty ( )

15. Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age
Canal system
Built to accommodate population shift
Yangdi's Grand Canal (links China across the Noodle LIne
Links North to South
Silk routes reopened
Greater contact with Buddhist, Islamic regions
Sea trade
Developed by late Tang, Song
Junks (with gun powder rockets!)
Commerce expands
Credit
Deposit shops (banks)
Flying money
Urban growth
Changan
Tang capital/2 million
Hangzhou
Song capital
Marco Polo’s favorite

16. Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age
Expanding Agrarian Production and Life in the Country
New areas cultivated
Canals help transport produce
Aristocratic estates
Divided among peasants
Scholar-gentry replace aristocracy
Family and Society in the Tang-Song Era
Great continuity
Marriage brokers
Elite women have broader opportunities
Empresses Wu, Wei
Divorce widely available

17. The Neo-Confucian Assertion of Male Dominance
Neo-Confucians reduce role of women
Confinement
Men allowed great freedom
Men favored in inheritance, divorce
Women not educated
Foot binding

18. Glorious Age Conclusion
Invention and Artistic Creativity
Influence over neighbors
Economy stimulated by advances in farming, finance
bridges
Explosives and projectiles (Used by Song for armaments)
Chairs used in household
Tea as a common drink
Compasses, abacus
Bi Sheng
Printing with moveable type
Scholarly Refinement and Artistic Accomplishment
Scholar-gentry key
Change from Buddhist artists
Secular scenes more common
Li Bo
Poet
Nature a common theme in poetry, art