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Objective Describe the colonial activities of Europeans in North America.
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Competing Claims in North America Spain claimed the western route to Asia – around tip of South America “Strait of Magellan” Treaty of Tordesilla (1494) – line that divided Spain and Portugal’s claims. Portugal got west of the line, which included most of the Americas, Portugal got land to the east, which included parts of modern-day Brazil Other European nations get jealous (England, France, Netherlands) GOAL: find a northern route, which would make the western route to Asia much easier than the Spanish route Fail…so they spend their time and effort doing what?
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NEW FRANCENEW FRANCE What is their reason for exploration? What is the general location of French settlement? Who are the significant French explorers?
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Giovanni de VerrazanoGiovanni de Verrazano Italian in service of France 1524 Modern-day New York Harbor
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Jacques CartierJacques Cartier " discover certain islands and lands where it is said that a great quantity of gold and other precious things are to be found ” First to document the name “Canada,” from the Native’s word “kanata” St. Lawrence River Three voyages
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SIGNIFICANCE: Having already located the entrance to the St. Lawrence on his first voyage, he opened up the greatest waterway for the European penetration of North America.
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Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain 1608 Founded Quebec & New France “The Father of New France” 1 st accurate map of the Canadian coast
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Jacques Marquette & Louis Joliet Marquette Priest Joliet Trader 1673 – explored Great Lakes & the upper Mississippi River
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Sieur de La SalleSieur de La Salle Explored Great Lakes, Mississippi River, & Gulf of Mexico Claimed all of Mississippi for France Named Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV
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By the early 1700s, New France covered much of what is now the Midwest US and Eastern Canada. Fur Trade Beaver Pelts 1600s-1800s Almost went extinct European population by 1760 in New France… Only around 65,000 People NOT interested in settling down and staying for a long time…just wanted to make money off of the land and go home.
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How would you compare New France and New Spain? BOTH found wealth and converted natives New Spain: South, gold, cities New France: North, furs, scattered
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Why were France’s North American holding so sparsely populated? Priests and fur traders had no desire to build towns and start families
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The English Arrive in North America 1606: Virginia Company in London received charter from King James to settle the New World 3 ships, over 100 settlers Claimed land & named it Jamestown, in honor of their king Why did Jamestown get a bad start?
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Jamestown, VAJamestown, VA 7/10 people died of hunger, disease, or battles with Native Americans 1 st permanent colony in North America What made them successful eventually? More interested in finding gold
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“New England”“New England” 1620: Pilgrims found 2 nd colony in Plymouth, Massachusetts In search of religious freedom 1630: Puritans sought religious freedom from Anglican Church What is a Puritan? Goal: to build model community for other Christians to follow Why did they succeed?
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Henry HudsonHenry Hudson 1609 Englishman in service of the Dutch Goal: find a northwest trade route to Asia Found/explored three waterways – Hudson Bay, Hudson River, Hudson Strait
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“New Netherland”“New Netherland” Dutch claimed Hudson’s finds Fur trade – Iroquois Indians 1621: Dutch West India Company Hard time colonizing…Dutch people didn’t want to go. Invited Germans, French, Scandinavians, and others.
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How were the Dutch and French colonies different from the English colonies in North America? more populated, began for religious reasons English mainly for commerce Dutch & French
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What was the use of the Caribbean Islands? Cotton & sugar plantations
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French : Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique Dutch : captured the Antilles and Aruba from Spain (1634) Caribbea n 1600s English : Barbados, Jamaica
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The Struggle for North America France, England, and Netherlands battled for supremacy in North America English oust the Dutch Dutch separated the Northern and Southern English colonies 1664: King Charles II granted permission to drive out the Dutch Dutch surrendered Duke of York renamed the land “New York”
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With the Dutch gone…English could settle the entire east coast By 1750, about 1.2 million English settlers lived in the colonies BUT…they still weren’t happy. Growing population led to a need for more land English push farther west and collide with French holdings
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What do you think were the most valuable amenities in the New World?
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Ticket Out The DoorTicket Out The Door What are the differences between Jamestown and the Pilgrims’ settlement?
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