8. There are three “Research Realities” that must be addressed.

9. You have to respect the limits of working memory

10. Too often we assume the “pipeline” metaphor for communication Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory

11. Too often we assume the “pipeline” metaphor for communication Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory

12. Too often we assume the “pipeline” metaphor for communication Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory

13. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory In reality, the “pipeline” metaphor is flawed.

14. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory The mind does not process a “pipeline” of information. SensoryLong-TermWorking

15. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory The mind does not process a “pipeline” of information.

16. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory We need a new metaphor for communication.

17. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory SensoryLong-TermWorking The “eye of the needle” metaphor reflects current research.

18. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory The “eye of the needle” metaphor reflects current research.

19. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory

20. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory

21. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Working Memory

22. You have to address the two channels

23. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Dual Channels We process on two separate but related channels. Visual Channel Audio Channel

24. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Dual Channels When someone speaks, you process the verbal information at one speed. When the speaker also displays the text of the speech, you process the information at a different speed – your mind first takes in the text visually and then verbalizes it for processing in the verbal channel. Because the same information is arriving through the same channel at different speeds, working memory has to split its efforts and reconcile the differences.

25. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Dual Channels Crossing channels overloads the audience’s working memory.

26. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Dual Channels Bullet points hurt learning

27. You have to guide attention.

28. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Guide Attention There are many distractions happening now.

29. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Guide Attention Use full sentence titles to summarize your slide.

30. Effective Communication with PowerPoint… Really? Guide Attention PowerPoint and Word have two separate functions.