1. Geospatial Intelligence Applications in Law Enforcement Analysis Gregory Thomas

2. Law Enforcement Analysis Supports Law Enforcement Analysis Supports Crime Prevention  Shows patterns of criminal incidents.  Forecasts community threats.  Assists in the effective deployment of patrol.  Supports community policing efforts.

3. Crime Mapping The process of using a geographic information system to conduct spatial analysis of crime problems and other police-related issues.  Facilitates visual and statistical analyses of crime.  Allows linkage based on common variables.  Helps to communicate results of analysis. (Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping, R. Boba, 2005, pp. 37-38)

4. Environmental Criminology  Rational Choice Theory  Choices made based on opportunities and rewards.  Crime Pattern Theory  Crimes occur where offender’s space overlaps w/victim’s.  Routine Activity Theory  Opportunities change based on changes in behavior.  Environmental Design Theory  Identify and alter geographical characteristics that contribute to criminal predation.  Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (Defensible Space, O. Newman, 1972) (See also: R. Boba, 2005; T. Baker, 2005)

5. Geographic Distribution Analysis  Occurrence of activity over a particular geographic area.  Plot events and summarize what it depicts.  Map depicting the flow of activities or services from one location to another.  Illustrates flow chart on a map.

6. Geographic Flow Chart Cocaine Flow to the United States Source: ONDCP, Annual Assessment of Cocaine Movement.

7. Spatial Pattern Analysis  Analyze and correlate data sources.  Create snapshot of crime incidents and related factors within a geographical area.  Look for patterns:  Locations  Distances  Direction  Hot spots

8. Geographic Distribution Analysis Crime Mapping

9. Crime Data Includes:  Crime Incidents  Arrests  Calls for Service  Accidents Philadelphia Police Department Crime Maps http://citymaps.phila.gov/CrimeMap/StepByStep.aspx

10. Sex Offenders – Child Abductions  National Sex Offender Registry  http://www.familywatchdog.us/ http://www.familywatchdog.us/

11. Motor Vehicle Theft  OnStar  Stolen Vehicle Slowdown  http://www.onstar.com/web/portal/securityexplore http://www.onstar.com/web/portal/securityexplore  Lowjack  Stolen Vehicle Recovery System  http://police.lojack.com/pages/law-enforcement.aspx http://police.lojack.com/pages/law-enforcement.aspx Vehicle Theft Hot Spots

12. Travel of Suspects  Cell phone towers  The snitch in your pocket, Newsweek (http://www.newsweek.com/2010/02/18/the-snitch-in-your-pocket.html)http://www.newsweek.com/2010/02/18/the-snitch-in-your-pocket.html  Road tolls  Purchase receipts

13. 1/13/09 1231 hrs 1/13/09 1301 hrs 1/13/09 1329 hrs 1/13/09 1413 hrs

14. Operational Information  Surveillance  Raids  Pre-op plans  Gunshot detection systems Target location

15. On-line Resources/Reading National Institute of Justice Mapping and Analysis for Public Safety http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/maps/ Introductory Guide to Crime Analysis and Mapping http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/RIC/Publications/introguidecrimeanalysismapping.pdf Manual of Crime Analysis Map Production http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/ric/Publications/manualcrimeanalysismapprod.pdf

16. Other References  R. Boba, 2005, Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping.  T. Baker, 2005, Introductory Criminal Analysis.