1. Muscles of the upper extremity

2. Upper limb musculature

4. Scapula Muscles If the origin is on the scapula – moves the arm
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi (partial attachment)
Coracobrachialis
Rotator
Cuff
pg 656

5. Scapula Muscles If the insertion is on the scapula – moves the scapula
Rhomboids
Trapezius
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Ventralis
Levator Scapulae
Use location of Insertion to determine movement!!
pg 656

6. Arm Muscles Arm Compartments Anterior Compartment (3 muscles)
Flexors of forearm and arm
Posterior Compartment (1 muscle)
Extensor of forearm and arm
pg 667
Remember: If you cross the shoulder, you move the arm; if you cross the elbow, you move the forearm

7. Arm Muscles Anterior compartment Brachialis Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Long head
Short head
pg 718
pg 715

8. Arm Muscles Posterior compartment Triceps brachii Long head
Medial head
Lateral head
pg 717

9. Muscles of Arm Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innerv Anterior
Brachialis
Ant shaft , distal humerus
Coronoid process /ulnar tuberosity
(ulna)
Flex forearm
Musculo-cutaneous
Biceps Brachii
Long: supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Short: coracoid proc (scapula)
Radial Tuberosity (radius)
Flex forearm, Supination
Coracobrachialis
Coracoid proc (scapula)
Medial surface midshaft (humerus)
Flex arm, Adduct arm
Posterior
Triceps Brachii
Long: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Medial: Posterior Shaft
(middle humerus)
Lateral: Posterior Shaft
(proximal humerus)
Common tendon to olecranon (ulna)
Extend forearm
Radial

10. Forearm Muscles Cross elbow, wrist and finger joints
Movement of hand and fingers
Proximally are fleshy
Distally have long tendons
Flexor and extensor retinacula
“wristbands”
Keep tendons from jumping outwards when tensed
pg 738

11. Forearm Muscles Anterior compartment Posterior compartment
Superficial and Deep layers
Flexors of hand and fingers
Most flexors have common origin on medial epicondyle
Contains 2 pronator muscles
Posterior compartment
Extensors of hand and fingers
Most extensors have common origin on lateral epicondyle
Contains a supinator muscle
pg 732

12. Anterior Compartment of Forearm
Muscles Nerves
Superficial
Flexor digitorum superficialis Median
Flexor carpi radialis Median
Pronator teres Median
Palmaris longus Median
Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar
Deep
Pronator quadratus Median
Flexor pollicis longus Median
Flexor digitorum profundus Ulnar (med 1/2) Median (lat 1/2)
pg 738, 740

13. Posterior Compartment of Forearm
pg 746
Muscles Nerves
Superficial
Brachioradialis Radial
Anconeus Radial
Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis Radial
Extensor digitorum Radial
Extensor carpi ulnaris Radial
Extensor digiti minimi Radial
Deep
Supinator Radial
Abductor pollicis longus Radial
Extensor pollicis longus + brevis Radial
Extensor indicus Radial

14. Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Muscle Nerve
Pinky = Hypothenar muscles
All digiti minimi Ulnar (Flexor, Abductor, Opponens)
Thumb = Thenar muscles
Abductor pollicis brevis Median
Flexor pollicis brevis Median
Opponens pollicis Median
Adductor pollicis Ulnar
Other Intrinsic Muscles
Palmar + Dorsal Interossei Ulnar
Lumbricals Median, Ulnar

15. Elevators
Deltoideus
Origin: Lateral half of clavicle , Scapular spine, acromion process
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Abducts humerus (also flexes, extends, rotates and adducts)
Innervation: Axillary nerve

16. Deltoid

17. What You Should Know 3: UPPER LIMB COMPLICATIONS
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of the following (Cartmill pages )
Trapezius
Serratus anterior
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major (Sternal, Clavicular) and Minor

18. What You Should Know 4. THE SHOULDER
Cartmill pages
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of the following:
Teres Major Subscapularis
Teres minor Deltoid
Pectoralis Major Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus

19. Musculature Crossing the Elbow Joint

20. Muscles moving the elbow all cross the joint and insert on the bones of the forearm.
They may originate from the scapula or the brachium (humerus).

21. D
Which muscle is NOT a flexor of the elbow? C A
Answer =A
Coracobrachialis B

22. The Coracobrachialis makes up part of the mass of the upper arm but doesn’t actually cross the joint (scapula to humerus only).

23. Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: Humerus
Flexion and adduction
of humerus.
Musculocutaneous nerve

24. Elbow extensors
Triceps brachii
(Radial Nerve)

25. Cranial/dorsal
Triceps =
Quadriceps

26. Origin:
Long Head: Glenoid Fossa
Medial & Lateral Heads:
Posterior surface of humeral shaft
Insertion:
Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extends elbow

27. Triceps Long Head
Triceps, Lateral Head

28. Elbow flexors
Brachii (brachial group)
(Here, spelling counts…)

29. Caudal/ventral
Hamstrings =
brachii

30. Biceps brachii (musculocutaneous n.)
Origin:
Short head: coracoid process
Long head; glenoid fossa
Insertion:
Proximal radius
Action:
Flexes elbow
supinates

31. Brachialis (musculocutaneous n.) Origin: Humeral shaft Insertion
Proximal ulna
Action: flexes elbow

32. Corcobrachialis
Brachialis
Biceps

33. Brachioradialis (Radial n.* exception) Origin: distal humerus
Insertion:
Styloid process of ulna
Action:
Flexes elbow

34. Brachioradialis
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

35. FLEXORS of the Wrist

36. Caudal/ventral
Flexors =
Flexors

37. Superficial Layer Flexor carpi radialis Median n.
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
Action:
Flexes wrist; abducts hand

38. Superficial Layer Palmaris longus Median n. Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Palmar aponeurosis
Action:
Flexes wrist

39. Superficial Layer Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar n. Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Pisiform and base of 5th metacarpal
Action:
Flexes wrist; adducts hand

40. Intermediate Layer Flexor digitorum superficialis Median n Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
Action:
Flexes wrist and middle phalanges

41. Deep Layer Flexor pollicis longus Median n Origin:
Anterior surface of radius
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of thumb
Action:
Flexes distal phalanx of thumb

42. Deep Layer Flexor digitorum profundus Median n Origin:
Anteromedial surface ulna
Insertion:
Distal phalanges of fingers 2-5
Action:
Flexes distal phalanges

43. Brachioradialis
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

44. EXTENSORS of the Wrist

45. Caudal/dorsal
Extensors =
Extensors

46. Superficial Extensor carpi radialis brevis Radial n. Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Insertion:
Base of 3rd metacarpal
Action:
Extends and abducts wrist

47. Superficial Extensor digitorum minimi Radial n. Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Distal phalange of little finger
Action:
Extends little finger

48. Superficial Extensor digitorum Radial n. Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Distal phalange of fingers 2-4
Action:
Extends fingers and wrist;
abduct fingers

49. Extensor Carpi
Ularis
Extensor Indicis
Extensor Digitorum
Superficialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Retinaculum

50. Deep Extensor indices Radial n. Origin:
Posterior surface of distal ulna
Insertion:
Extensor expansion of index finger
Action:
Extends index finger

51. Deep Extensor pollicis longus Radial n. Origin:
Dorsal shaft of radius and ulna
Insertion:
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Action:
Extends thumb

52. Deep Extensor pollicis brevis Radial n. Origin:
Dorsal shaft of radius and ulna
Insertion:
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action:
Extends thumb

53. Deep Abductor pollicis longus Radial n. Origin:
Posterior surface of radius and
ulna
Insertion:
Base of 1st metacarpal
Action:
Abducts and extends thumb

54. Muscles of Pronation and Supination

55. Deep Abductor pollicis longus Radial n. Origin:
Posterior surface of radius and
ulna
Insertion:
Base of 1st metacarpal
Action:
Abducts and extends thumb

56. Supination: Movement of the radius and ulna
Lateral rotation of the arm so palm faces superiorally
(anatomical position)

57. Ulna and Radius are parallel

58. Pronation: Opposite of supination
Pronation:
Opposite of supination
Medial rotation of the arm so palm faces inferiorally
Relaxed position

59. Ulna and Radius are crossed

60. Supination Supinator Radial n. Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Proximal end of radius
Action:
Supinates forearm
1: Introduction
Limb muscular is very complex.It’s best to look at it on a very simplified level, then add detail
How do we do this?
Most primitive limbs are the fins of fished: musculature is the same as a human embryo

61. Supinator

62. Supination Biceps brachii musculocutaneous n. Origin:
Short head: coracoid process
Long head; glenoid fossa
Insertion:
Proximal radius
Action:
Flexes elbow
supinates
1: Introduction
Limb muscular is very complex.It’s best to look at it on a very simplified level, then add detail
How do we do this?
Most primitive limbs are the fins of fished: musculature is the same as a human embryo

63. Pronation Pronator teres Median n. Origin: Medial condyle of humerus
Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion:
Lateral radius (midshaft)
Action:
Pronates forearm
1: Introduction
Limb muscular is very complex.It’s best to look at it on a very simplified level, then add detail
How do we do this?
Most primitive limbs are the fins of fished: musculature is the same as a human embryo

64. Pronation Pronator quadratus Median n. Origin:
Distal portion of anterior ulnar
shaft
Insertion:
Distal surface of anterior radius
Action:
Pronates forearm
1: Introduction
Limb muscular is very complex.It’s best to look at it on a very simplified level, then add detail
How do we do this?
Most primitive limbs are the fins of fished: musculature is the same as a human embryo

65. Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus

66. What You Should Know 1: Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint
Flexors (ventral)
Extensors (dorsal)
2: Muscles Crossing the Wrist Joint

67. What You Should Know 3: Muscles of Elbow Extension, Flexion
Origin and Insertion
Innervation
3: Muscles of Pronation and Supination

68. What You Should Know 3: Serial Homologs of Major Groups
4: Functions of all Muscles Presented
5: A Summary of these muscles are in the Laboratory Manual and Cartmill’s Text.