2. Sun, sand, sea and safe wallets Gapped Summary RLS 2005

3. Sun, sand, sea and safe wallets Would you ever leave your wallet unattended while swimming? Do you consider Australia a safe place?

4. Most people living in Sydney do not have the time to visit the beach as often as they would like. As a result, there are generally (47) surfers and backpackers on Bondi beach than ordinary locals. People living in Sydney = ordinary locals They don’t have time to visit the beach You would expect to see many surfers and backpackers (tourists) on Sydney’s most famous beach (Bondi beach). What familiar structure could express this idea and includes the word “than”. 47=more

5. However, due to ocean currents, the sea remains (48) to swim in until quite late in the season … The passage mentions that many people wished they had spent more of the summer outside when autumn arrives. “However”, “currents” and “late in the season” lead us to believe that people can still swim in autumn. 48=warm enough

6. … and access to Sydney’s beaches is very easy by (49). “access” and “by” tell us that the way people get to the beach There are two blanks, so we can’t use words like “car”, “bus” or “train”. 49=public transport

7. That said, when they arrive at the beach, some people, especially those travelling (50), become concerned that there is no one to (51) their things while they are in the water. When would a person be most concerned about leaving their belongings on the beach while they swim? The second part of the sentence says that there is “no one to …” There is only one blank, so it can’t be “by themselves”. 50=alone

8. That said, when they arrive at the beach, some people, especially those travelling (50), become concerned that there is no one to (51) their things while they are in the water. What do people want their friends to do for them while they go swimming. We cannot use “take care of” or “mind” because there are two blanks. 51=watch over

9. Roz, a newcomer from Britain, was initially put off going for a swim as she remembered seeing things (52) from swimmers’ bags on beaches back in her home country by people (53) that they know the owners. Thieves take/steal things from people’s bags while they are in the water. “by” tells us that we need the passive voice. 52=being stolen/taken

10. Roz, a newcomer from Britain, was initially put off going for a swim as she remembered seeing things (52) from swimmers’ bags on beaches back in her home country by people (53) that they know the owners. The thieves said that they knew the owners, but obviously that wasn’t true. Need the “-ing” form after “by” 53=claiming/saying

11. Like the author of the article, Roz assumed that the problem would exist on Australian (54) too, as there are (55) at the most popular places only. She thought there would be many thieves in Australia, too. “Australian” is an adjective, so what specific place (noun) is being described? We are speaking generally and there is no article, so we need the plural form. 54 = beaches

12. Like the author of the article, Roz assumed that the problem would exist on Australian (54) too, as there are (55) at the most popular places only. What could there be at these beaches that would make it difficult for thieves to steal people’s things? Paragraph 4: “… only the most tourist- soaked spots have lockers.” 55=lockers

13. Locals, however, (56) this worry, as theft on beaches is actually extremely (57). People in Britain worry about theft. The use of “however” tells us that the situation is different for locals in Australia. We need a negative and a verb that collocates with “worry”. 56=don’t have

14. Locals, however, (56) this worry, as theft on beaches is actually extremely (57). They don’t worry about theft. Do you think theft is common there? Need an adjective after “extremely”. 57=rare/uncommon

15. Even the police officer responsible for Sydney’s eastern suburbs and beaches takes money and valuables with her when she goes to the beach and doesn’t worry about (58) The whole passage is about theft. “ing” form after “about” 58=being robbed//leaving/losing them (her valuables)

16. Police patrols are made on beaches, but the officer-in- charge reports that only about (59) in twenty of the crimes reported in her area in summer is beach related. ___ in twenty is structure used to express a ratio. We need to refer to version 1. Paragraph 5: “… beach thefts would be no more than about 5% of those in the suburbs …” 5% = ___ in 20? 59=one

17. Her (60) for this are that it is easy to (61) thieves, other people are always around, and it is difficult for thieves to (62) quickly on sand if they are spotted. This is how she explains the low crime rate. Need a noun after “Her”. 60=explanations/reasons

18. Her (60) for this are that it is easy to (61) thieves, other people are always around, and it is difficult for thieves to (62) quickly on sand if they are spotted. Thieves try not to be obvious about what they are doing. = notice something, especially something that is difficult to see There are many people on the beach so it’s difficult for thieves to hide what they are doing. 61=spot/see

19. Her (60) for this are that it is easy to (61) thieves, other people are always around, and it is difficult for thieves to (62) quickly on sand if they are spotted. What would thieves try to do quickly if someone sees them? 2 words that mean “escape” 62=run away// get away

20. Australian journalist John Pilger once wrote that the beach is where Australians can make a connection with their spiritual homeland by removing (63) and not (64) important. Need to refer to version 1 Last paragraph: “”We have found our freedom by taking our clothes off and doing nothing of significance.” This is reported speech, so we can’t use “our”. 63 = their clothes

21. Australian journalist John Pilger once wrote that the beach is where Australians can make a connection with their spiritual homeland by removing (63) and not (64) important. Need to refer to version 1 Last paragraph: “”We have found our freedom by taking our clothes off and doing nothing of significance.” Cannot use “nothing” because of “not” 64=doing anything

22. This is an unusual perspective which perhaps helps explain why (65) is as infrequent on Australian beaches as it might be in (66) or other sacred places elsewhere. What is the whole passage about? Need a subject (noun) for “is” 65=theft// crime// stealing

23. This is an unusual perspective which perhaps helps explain why (65) is as infrequent on Australian beaches as it might be in (66) or other sacred places elsewhere. “or other sacred places” tells us that 66 must be an example of a sacred place. Need plural because of “places” 66=church(es) N.B. If we use the singular form, we are making a reference to the institution, not the physical place.