1. The Reformation Continues
Chapter 17 Section 4
Pg. 433

2. Who started the Reformation?
Martin Luther
What was Martin Luther upset about?
The selling of indulgences
What are indulgences?
Free pass for sins
Why did Henry VIII leave the church?
Wanted a divorce (a son)
What is a protestant?
A Christian who doesn’t recognize the pope as the head of the church

3. Calvin Begins another Protestant Church
John Calvin just 12 years old the year Martin Luther stood trial at Worms
Born in France, Calvin grew up to have as much influence as Martin did
1536 published book, Institutes of Christian Religion
-Expressed ideas about God, salvation, human nature
-Created a system of Protestant theology

4. John Calvin

5. Calvin thought people were sinful by nature and couldn’t earn Salvation
Believed in Predestination- God knows from the beginning of time who will be saved, those people are called the “elect”
Religion based on Calvin’s teachings called Calvinism

6. Calvinism
Believed ideal government was a theocracy (a government controlled by religious leaders)
Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland asked Calvin to lead their city- he did so with strict rules
Everyone attended religious class, couldn’t wear bright clothing or play cards
Authorities imprison or excommunicate anyone breaking rules

7. John Knox People were burned at the stake, if preached differently
To many protestants, Geneva was an ideal city
John Knox, preacher from Scotland put the same ideas into Scottish towns after visiting Geneva

8. Calvinism Spreads
Protestant nobles, led by Knox succeeded in making Calvinism Scotland’s official religion
Followers of Knox became known as Presbyterians
Swiss, Dutch and French reformers adopted Calvinist form of church organization
Although many protestant churches trace roots to Calvin, they have softened Calvin’s strict teachings

10. Huguenots In France, Calvin's followers were called Huguenots
Hatred between Catholics and Huguenots led to violence
On one occasion, mobs of Catholics began hunting for Protestants and brutally murdered them after a Catholic feast known as St. Bartholomew’s Day

11. Other Reformers
Protestants taught that people should read the bible, as it was the source for truth
Christians start interpreting the bible for themselves=new Protestant groups form based on those beliefs

12. Anabaptists
Believed in baptizing only adults who choose to be Christian
Believed church and state should be separate
Refused to fight in wars
Viewed by Catholics and Protestants as radicals who threaten society
The forerunners of the Amish and Mennonites, influencing the quakers

13. Mostly live in
northeastern
part of US

14. Women of Reformation
Marguerite Navarre, sister of King Francis I, protected John Calvin for being executed while in France
Martin Luther’s wife, Katherina, managed family finances and argued with her husband about women’s equal role in marriage

15. The Catholic Reformation
While Protestant churches had many followers, millions were true to the Catholic church
Helping Catholics stay loyal was a movement within the church called the Catholic Reformation

16. Ignatius of Loyola Grew up in fathers castle in Loyola, Spain
Turning point in his life came while recovering from an injury during war
Thought about his sins and life of Jesus
Wrote book called Spiritual Exercises, laying out a day to day plan of prayer, study and meditation

17. For next 18 years, Ignatius gathered followers
1540, the pope made his followers a religious order called the Society of Jesus
Members were called Jesuits
Concentrated on 3 activities:
1)found superb schools throughout Europe 2)convert non-Christians to Catholicism
3) stop Protestantism from spreading

18. Reforming Popes 2 popes took the lead in reforming the Catholic Church
Pope Paul III called a council of church leaders to meet in Trent, Italy
Known as Council of Trent
Pope Paul III

19. Council of Trent
Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines:
-church’s interpretation of the bible is final, anyone interpreting different was a heretic
-Christians need faith and good works for salvation- not just faith as Luther suggested
-Bible and church tradition equal authorities for guiding Christian life
-indulgences valid expressions of faith

20. Paul IV, another reforming pope carried out councils decrees
Pope Paul IV
Paul IV, another reforming pope carried out councils decrees
Made a list of books considered to be dangerous to Catholic faith- Index of Forbidden Books
Bishops ordered to burn them (along with Protestant Bibles)
In 1 day, 10,000 books burned in Venice

21. Index of Forbidden Books

22. Legacy of the Reformation
Reformation had lasting effects:
Protestant churches flourish
Religion no longer unites Europe
Church power declines
Individual monarchs and states gain power
Help set the stage for the modern world

23. http://www. youtube. com/watch
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