1. WASHINGTON TO MADISON

2. George Washington

3. Problems -No federal laws -No courts -No law enforcement -No money -No taxes -No foreign policy -No military -Huge war debt

4. Solutions -Judiciary Act: Supreme Court judicial review 13 district courts 13 district courts -Create a cabinet: advisors Hamilton JeffersonKnox Randolph Treasury State War Attorney General General

5. Hamilton solves the money problem Hamilton solves the money problem -States pay debts -Government bonds: money borrowed from the people that must be repaid -Assumption Bill: government takes the states debts

6. -Bank of the United States -safe place to store money -government could borrow more -paper money -check Jefferson objects -wealthy controls -small banks go broke -UNCONSTITUTIONAL Hamilton and Jefferson begin to disagree!!!!

7. -protective tariff: hurts foreign competition protects businesses protects businesses hurts farmers hurts farmers -excise tax: whiskey hurts Appalachian farmers hurts Appalachian farmers - Whiskey Rebellion -Washington used troops to put down -WASHINGTON SHOWED HE COULD ENFORCE THE LAW!!!!

8. Foreign policy = NEUTRALITY U.S. almost goes to war France: Neutrality Act England: Jay’s Treaty gave fur trade to England settlers hated Spain: Pickney Treaty Mississippi River Mississippi River

9. WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL Two Warnings -trouble with foreign countries -political parties FEDERALISTSVS REPUBLICANS HAMILTONJEFFERSON

10. John Adams -Federalist -Washington’s VP -wife: Abigail -very educated -Vice President: Thomas Jefferson Republican Republican President and VP are from two different parties!!! Most votes: President2 nd most: VP

11. Problems France: XYZ AFFAIR negotiate to prevent war negotiate to prevent war XYZ: charge $250,000 XYZ: charge $250,000 Americans want war Americans want war Adams keeps America out of war Adams keeps America out of war

12. Adam’s response: ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS -stronger citizenship laws -President can kick out dangerous aliens -Imprison aliens during war -Sedition: fined and jailed for speaking out against the President Republicans put in jail and aliens can’t vote

13. Republican Response: JeffersonMadison VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTION: A state has the power to declare a law null and void(unconstitutional)

14. Result:Adams loses election Republicans take over Adams wants Federalists to keep power Appoints MIDNIGHT JUDGES to the Supreme Court on his last minute in office MARBURY V MADISON: UNCONSTITUTIONAL -first court case to rule something unconstitutional -AFFIRMS JUDICIAL REVIEW

15. John Marshall: Supreme Court Chief Justice Federalist Federalist MAKES THE GOVERNMENT STRONGER!!

16. Election of 1800: Federalists: Adams and Pickney vs Republicans: Jefferson and Burr ELECTION ENDS IN A TIE: between Jefferson and Burr HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTS JEFFERSON PRESIDENT Hamilton told them Burr was a punk

17. Thomas Jefferson -Republican -VP Aaron Burr -slave owner -Declaration of Independence -Virginia and Kentucky Resolution -walked to his inauguration in plain clothes

18. Problems with France: -controlled Louisiana -cut off Mississippi and New Orleans -U.S. offers $10 million for West Florida -Napoleon gives the Louisiana Purchase for $15 million

19. Louisiana Purchase -Lewis and Clark -explore the territory and bring back samples -Found the territory was rich in resources

20. Pirates: -Barbary states(Africa) -charging tribute -Jefferson sends in the Navy -national pride erupts

21. Jefferson wants to repeal Federalist laws -Alien and Sedition Acts -Midnight Judges -Excise tax -Cuts military funding Should weaken the federal government but actually makes it STRONGER -Louisiana Purchase -Barbary Pirates -Kept the National Bank

22. Burr and Hamilton Duel Aaron BurrAlexander Hamilton BURR KILLS HAMILTON

23. Almost war again: -England and France are fighting -English law: America can’t trade with France -English law: America can’t trade with France -French law: America can’t trade with England -French law: America can’t trade with England -England and France “impress” sailors

24. EMBARGO ACT: America trades with neither War is avoided but merchants, sailors, and farmers are unhappy

25. Jefferson doesn’t run for a third term out of respect for Washington (unwritten constitution) James Madison -Republican -wife: Dolly (very fashionable) -short -poor health -tried unsuccessfully to keep America out of war America out of war

26. War of 1812 Causes: -Freedom of Seas -Impressment: seizing sailors -Land Hunger: Canada -Tecumseh encouraged to attack settlers settlers -War Hawks: Congressmen that want war -National Pride

27. EVENTS -U.S.S. Constitution: Old Ironsides -Washington burned-Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key by Francis Scott Key

28. Andrew Jackson and the Battle of New Orleans

29. Effects: -Manufacturing developed -strong national government and navy -nationalism -Federalists disappeared -national heroes: Andrew JacksonWilliam Harrison