1. Chapter 11 Section 2
Life Behind the Lines

2. Draft
Required military service

3. Describe the draft laws in the South
Men ages required to serve in the military for 3 years
Extended service of volunteers for 2 more years
Upper age of the draft eventually extended to 50

4. Describe the draft laws in the North
Men ages eligible for military service
Northerners could pay the government to avoid service
Men could hire substitutes to fight in their place

5. Recognition Official acceptance as an independent nation
Confederacy failed to obtain this
However, the Confederacy did receive some support from Britain and France

6. Greenback
1862- Congress passes and act that creates a national currency
Called greenbacks because of their color
Not backed by gold
Declared by Congress to be acceptable for all legal payment of all public or private debt

7. Copperhead A group of the very few Democrats left in Congress
They raised protest against the war
They argued that Republican policies would bring a flood of freed slaves to the North and take jobs away from whites
Some urged army desertion and resistance to the draft

8. Martial Law Emergency rule by military authorities
Some Bill of Right guarantees are suspended
Lincoln exercised this power
Only President to ever do so
Did this to ensure the border states stayed in the Union

9. Writ of Habeas Corpus
A legal protection requiring that a court determine if a person is lawfully imprisoned
Without it, people can be held in prison indefinitely
Lincoln suspended this
More than 13,000 Americans who objected to the war were imprisoned without trial

10. How were martial law and the suspension of habeas corpus used to silence dissenters?
Lincoln used martial law to ensure Kentucky would remain loyal to the union
Suspending habeas corpus imprison, without trial, those who objected to the Union government’s policies during the war
Kept dissenters quiet and out of sight

11. Emancipation Proclamation
Freed the slaves in the Confederacy

12. Why did Lincoln decide to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
Lincoln recognized the importance of slavery to the South’s war effort
Came to regard ending slavery as another strategy to end the war
Kept Europe away
No European nation would fight a war to defend slavery

13. Make a list of the effects of the Emancipation Proclamation in both the North and South. Underline the two most important effects.  
South’s slaves freed themselves by escaping to the Union
Encouraged African Americans to join the Union army
Ended any chance of French or British intervention in the war

14. What caused tension between the Union and Great Britain?
British were talking to the Southern Government
The British received representatives from the Confederacy
The U.S. eventually caught the two reps. and arrested them
Britain almost declared war over this

15. Contraband
Property confiscated that becomes the property of the enemy government
The Union used this definition to free slaves they encountered
The Union government would become the new slave owner, then set the slaves free

16. Describe the conditions inside Andersonville Prison Camp.
Located in South
Built to hold 10,000, but eventually held 35,000
About 100 prisoners a day died there- usually of starvation or exposure
The camp’s commander was the only Confederate executed for war crimes when the war ended

17. Describe medical care during the Civil War.
Disease killed many
Poor nutrition and contaminated food led to illness
A Union soldier was 3 times more likely to die in a camp or hospital than on the battlefield
20% on Union soldiers wounded in battle died from their wounds

18. Describe medical care during the Civil War.
Doctors did not know how to sterilize their equipment