1. **Get our your KWL chart from yesterday.*** Update your grade sheet when I give you your progress report Pre-AP Turn in Nile River Assignment to the drawer

2. Indigenous beginnings, Colonization, & the Conflict Colonization, & the Conflict of Slavery

3.  Indigenous Beginnings From the birth of modern human civilization to the migration of tribal communities

5.  → The earliest known modern human remains were found in ETHIOPIA. → They are estimated to be around 200,000 years old. → Ancestors of these remains date back even further…. 7 million years ago!!! Early Beginnings

6.   The Bantu were a group of people that spoke the same language (Bantu).  Of the Bantu language…the most popular is SWAHILI!  They originated in Western Africa.  They began to migrate into Southern and Eastern parts of Africa around 1000 BCE – 1100 CE.  http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/im aps/AC_06_206_bantu/AC_06_206_bantu.html http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/im aps/AC_06_206_bantu/AC_06_206_bantu.html History: Africa South of the Sahara

8.   Why did they migrate? There are many theories on their movement…..  Overpopulation, so they left in search of more land.  Fertile Land  Internal Conflicts  Climate changes  WHICH ARE PUSH & WHICH ARE PULL FACTORS? Bantu Migration

9.  How have they affected Africa?  They had iron tools which made it possible to clear land.  They were the first to farm large areas of land in Africa.  They were the first to introduce crops such as millet or sorghum.  They increased the population of Eastern and Southern Africa.  Spread their language.  Today, 50 million Africans speak Swahili which is a Bantu Language. Bantu Migration

10.  What does it sound like? Click HERE!HERE Bantu Language Comparison

11.  Bantu Words **you probably know!**

12.  Slavery The spread of a horrible & inhumane practice.

13.   Slavery, by definition, is a social stratification system under which people are treated as property (to be bought or sold) and forced to work.  Slavery goes all the way back to before 8000 BCE!  Slavery was common all over the ancient world—from Europe to Asia or even within the various African tribes.  Slavery was common in the Americas BEFORE the Transatlantic Slave Trade….The Aztec and the Inca had slaves & here in Texas, the Comanche Indians even had slaves. Slavery

14.  Who was the Slave Trade between? Transatlantic Slave Trade

15.   As the demand for slaves increased with European colonial expansion in the New World, rising prices made the slave trade increasingly lucrative. African governments eager to augment their treasuries even preyed upon their own peoples by manipulating their judicial systems, condemning individuals and their families to slavery in order to reap the rewards of their sale to European traders. Slave exports were responsible for the emergence of a number of large and powerful kingdoms that relied on a militaristic culture of constant warfare to generate the great numbers of human captives required for trade with the Europeans. Why would Africans trade their own people as Slaves?

16.   There was a general population decline, and it is believed that the shortage of men in particular may have changed the structure of many societies by thrusting women into roles previously occupied by their husbands and brothers. Additionally, some scholars have argued that images stemming from this era of constant violence and banditry have survived to the present day in the form of metaphysical fears and beliefs concerning malevolent witchcraft. What are some effects of the Slave Trade on Africa?

17.  Are there still forms of slavery, today?

19.  Colonization/Imperialism The mad scramble for Africa.

20.  What statement do you think this political cartoon is making? The Rhodes Colossus The Rhodes Colossus, an 1892 caricature of Cecil Rhodes after announcing plans for a telegraph line from Cape Town to Cairo. For Punch by Edward Linley Sambourne.caricature Cecil Rhodes telegraphCape TownCairo PunchEdward Linley Sambourne

21. 

23.  Colonization/Imperialism 1. What European countries were involved in the control of Africa? 2. What two European countries had the most control over Africa? British, French, Belgian, Portuguese, Italian, Spanish British and French

25.  What resources might these Europeans be after?

31.  Apartheid  What was Apartheid – A strict separation of races in South Africa.  This was initially imposed to keep control of political and economic systems in South Africa.  Africans in South Africa were separated according to where they lived, jobs they could have, and where they could go.  Protests were outlawed, which gave the government rights to imprison, kill, torture, etc. black africans.

32.   Nelson Mandela lead peaceful protests for 20 years.  He was imprisoned for 27 years on Robben Island.  When he was eventually let out, he became the first black president of South Africa, and Apartheid came to an end. Nelson Mandela