2. Business/Community Leaders Japanese Language School Instructors Religious Leaders By evening of December 7, 1941, the FBI had taken 736 Japanese aliens into custody. By December 11th that number had grown to 1370.

5. February 19, 1942 President Franklin D. Roosevelt issues E.O. 9066 which orders removal of all persons of Japanese ancestry from West Coast areas 120,000 Japanese Americans immediately had their civil rights suspended Two thirds were citizens born in the U.S.

6. Forced Sale or liquidation of businesses and Homes Required registration was the first step toward Removal So-called “voluntary evacuation” period 108 Civilian Exclusion Orders were issued

9. Forced Removal Necessary First Stop – Temporary Assembly Centers The Ten Permanent War Relocation Centers Manzanar, Tule Lake, Poston, Gila River, Minidoka, Heart Mtn., Granada, Topaz, Rohwer, Jerome.

13. Barracks for Homes 250-300 per Block of 12 barracks Outside Latrines/Washrooms Mess Halls Loss of Privacy Inclimate weather, dust, desolation Guard Towers

15. Attempt to be ‘normal’ Schools, Churches, Civic Associations Camp Council Form of Government Sports, Recreation Lines for everything Disruption of Family Life All adults were assigned jobs

19. #27. Willing to serve in Armed Forces? #28. Swear unqualified allegiance to United States and forswear any form of allegiance to any other organization?

20. Some 25,000 Japanese Americans served during WWII The Draft : December 1943, JA’s reclassified to permit drafting into military service Opposition to the draft. What would you do? Heart Mountain Resistors 315 Refused Induction, 263 Convicted of Draft Evasion, Three-year jail sentences

21. Combined 100th Battalion / 442nd Regimental Combat Team, was most decorated unit Never numbering more than 4,500, earned over 18,000 individual decorations, suffered casualty rate of 300 percent Importance of JA Military Intelligence

23. Japanese would voluntarily move because it was safer for them in the camps. They were fenced in and bullies were fenced out. Topaz impacted Utah because Utahans got to meet them and actually know and like them (perceptions changed), they became the farm labor force so man could go to war or go to college, and they decided to stay in Utah

24. Concentration Camps- 1. Purpose was to kill 2. Dehumanized (shaved, numbers instead of names, starved) 3. Separated families and genders 4. All their belongings taken away Internment Camps- 1. Lived as family 2. Normal as possible (school, clubs, churches) 3. Were often released daily to work 4. Kept all their belongs. SIMILARITY- Both picked on ethnicity and imprisoned them out of fear with no solid proof.