1. X-bar Construction XP  (Spec) X’ (X’  X’ YP) adjunct rule X’  X (ZP) complement

2. Complement vs. Adjunct XP XP (Spec) X’ (Spec) X’ X’ (Adjunct) (Adjunct) X’ X (Complement) (Complement) X

3. Pronoun ‘one’ 1.I prefer this pencil to that one. 2.I prefer this yellow pencil to that yellow pencil. 3. to that one. 4.I prefer this yellow pencil to that red pencil. 5. to that red one. 6. NP NP NP pron Det Det this Adj Adj that N N that yellow pencil that yellow pencil one one

4. NP  (Spec) N´ N´  N´ YP N´  N (ZP) NP Spec N´ N´ PP N PP

5. IP and CP IP Spec I’ NP I VP [±INFL] [±TNS] V NP

6. IP Spec I’ will NP I VP [±INFL] you [±TNS] V NP M t buy t CP Spec C’ C WH-

7. C IP Spec I’ NP I VP for [-INFL] him [-TNS] V NP to finish the work Ø Ø to finish the work