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Subcategories of Verbs
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THE VERB PHRASE What is Comp? VP V + Comp + Adjunct(PP) or (AdvP)
Anything following the main verb necessary to make the sentence GRAMMATICAL in the intended MEANING. Branching from the lowest branch nearest to the verb.
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Complements & Adjuncts
Closely related to the head (verb) and essential to the meaning of a phrase. Mostly obligatory Sister to the predicate forming a ‘constituent’ ADJUNCTS Not related to the meaning of the verb. Can be repeated and moved in a sentence. Always optional. They are not close sisters to the verb.
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WHAT ARE THE VERB PHRASE COMPLEMENTS?
Test: 1. Delete one phrase. 2. If the result is ungrammatical then the phrase is a complement of V. 3. If the result is grammatical BUT the meaning of the verb changes then the phrase is also a complement of V. 4. If the meaning of the verb does not change then the phrase is not part of the complement of V.
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I put the box in the closet
Delete ( the box) I put in the closet. * Delete (in the closet) I put the box. * That means that BOTH phrases are parts of the complement of the verb. THUS : Put : [NP– NP PP]
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I fried an egg on the sidewalk
Delete (an egg) I fried on the sidewalk. (grammatical but meaning changed) Delete (on the sidewalk) I fried an egg. Grammatical, & reserves the meaning of (fry) That means (on the sidewalk) is not part of the complement of V. Fry: [ NP --- NP ]
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SUBCATEGORIES EXAMPLES FEATURES SUB- CATEGORY sleep, escape, arrive
[ NP ---] Intransitive Hit, wipe, thank, love, pour, kiss [NP --- NP] Transitive (type 1) Ask, think, say, [NP --- { NP/CP}] Transitive (type 2)
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SUBCATEGORIES EXAMPLES FEATURES SUB- CATEGORY Spare, name [NP– NP NP]
Ditransitive (Type 1) Put, place, keep [NP – NP PP] (Type 2) Give, throw, send, bring [NP– NP {NP PP}] (Type 3) Tell, show, promise [NP– NP {NP/PP/CP}] (Type 4)
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