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Factor Model Based Risk Measurement and Management R/Finance 2011: Applied Finance with R April 30, 2011 Eric Zivot Robert Richards Chaired Professor of.

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Presentation on theme: "Factor Model Based Risk Measurement and Management R/Finance 2011: Applied Finance with R April 30, 2011 Eric Zivot Robert Richards Chaired Professor of."— Presentation transcript:

1 Factor Model Based Risk Measurement and Management R/Finance 2011: Applied Finance with R April 30, 2011 Eric Zivot Robert Richards Chaired Professor of Economics Adjunct Professor, Departments of Applied Mathematics, Finance and Statistics, University of Washington BlackRock Alternative Advisors

2 Risk Measurement and Management Quantify asset and portfolio exposures to risk factors –Equity, rates, credit, volatility, currency –Style, geography, industry, etc. Quantify asset and portfolio risk –SD, VaR, ETL Perform risk decomposition –Contribution of risk factors, contribution of constituent assets to portfolio risk Stress testing and scenario analysis © Eric Zivot 2011

3 Asset Level Linear Factor Model © Eric Zivot 2011

4 Performance Attribution © Eric Zivot 2011 Expected return due to systematic “beta” exposure Expected return due to firm specific “alpha”

5 Factor Model Covariance © Eric Zivot 2011 Note:

6 Portfolio Linear Factor Model © Eric Zivot 2011

7 Risk Measures © Eric Zivot 2011 Value-at-Risk (VaR) Expected Tail Loss (ETL) Return Standard Deviation (SD, aka active risk)

8 Risk Measures © Eric Zivot 2011 ± SD 5% VaR5% ETL

9 Tail Risk Measures: Non-Normal Distributions Asset returns are typically non-normal Many possible univariate non-normal distributions –Student’s-t, skewed-t, generalized hyperbolic, Gram-Charlier,  -stable, generalized Pareto, etc. Need multivariate non-normal distributions for portfolio analysis and risk budgeting. Large number of assets, small samples and unequal histories make multivariate modeling difficult © Eric Zivot 2011

10 Factor Model Monte Carlo (FMMC) Use fitted factor model to simulate pseudo asset return data preserving empirical characteristics of risk factors and residuals –Use full data for factors and unequal history for assets to deal with missing data Estimate tail risk and related measures non- parametrically from simulated return data © Eric Zivot 2011

11 Simulation Algorithm Simulate B values of the risk factors by re-sampling from full sample empirical distribution: Simulate B values of the factor model residuals from fitted non-normal distribution: Create factor model returns from factor models fit over truncated samples, simulated factor variables drawn from full sample and simulated residuals: © Eric Zivot 2011

12 What to do with ? Backfill missing asset performance Compute asset and portfolio performance measures (e.g., Sharpe ratios) Compute non-parametric estimates of asset and portfolio tail risk measures Compute non-parametric estimates of asset and factor contributions to portfolio tail risk measures © Eric Zivot 2009

13 Factor Risk Budgeting © Eric Zivot 2011 Given linear factor model for asset or portfolio returns, SD, VaR and ETL are linearly homogenous functions of factor sensitivities. Euler’s theorem gives additive decomposition

14 Factor Contributions to Risk © Eric Zivot 2011 Marginal Contribution to Risk of factor j: Contribution to Risk of factor j: Percent Contribution to Risk of factor j:

15 Factor Tail Risk Contributions © Eric Zivot 2011 For RM = VaR, ETL it can be shown that Notes: 1.Intuitive interpretations as stress loss scenarios 2.Analytic results are available under normality

16 Semi-Parametric Estimation © Eric Zivot 2011 Factor Model Monte Carlo semi-parametric estimates

17 © Eric Zivot 2011 5% VaR Factor marginal contribution to 5% ETL

18 Portfolio Risk Budgeting © Eric Zivot 2011 Given portfolio returns, SD, VaR and ETL are linearly homogenous functions of portfolio weights w. Euler’s theorem gives additive decomposition

19 Fund Contributions to Portfolio Risk © Eric Zivot 2011 Marginal Contribution to Risk of asset i: Contribution to Risk of asset i: Percent Contribution to Risk of asset i:

20 Portfolio Tail Risk Contributions © Eric Zivot 2011 For RM = VaR, ETL it can be shown that Note: Analytic results are available under normality

21 Semi-Parametric Estimation © Eric Zivot 2011 Factor Model Monte Carlo semi-parametric estimates

22 © Eric Zivot 2011 5% VaR Fund marginal contribution to portfolio 5% ETL

23 Example FoHF Portfolio Analysis Equally weighted portfolio of 12 large hedge funds Strategy disciplines: 3 long-short equity (LS-E), 3 event driven multi-strat (EV-MS), 3 direction trading (DT), 3 relative value (RV) Factor universe: 52 potential risk factors R 2 of factor model for portfolio ≈ 75%, average R 2 of factor models for individual hedge funds ≈ 45% © Eric Zivot 2011

24  FM = 1.42%  FM,EWMA = 1.52% VaR 0.0167 = -3.25% ETL 0.0167 = -4.62% 50,000 simulations

25 Factor Risk Contributions © Eric Zivot 2011

26 Hedge Fund Risk Contributions © Eric Zivot 2011

27 Hedge Fund Risk Contribution © Eric Zivot 2011

28 Summary and Conclusions Factor models are widely used in academic research and industry practice and are well suited to modeling asset returns Tail risk measurement and management of portfolios poses unique challenges that can be overcome using Factor Model Monte Carlo methods © Eric Zivot 2011

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